Solar Terrestrial Activity Report

Last major update issued on October 25, 2010 at 03:55 UTC.

[Solar and geomagnetic data - last month (updated daily)]
[Solar wind and electron fluence charts (updated daily)
[Solar cycles 21-24 (last update October 2, 2010)]
[Solar cycles 1-20]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24 (last update October 2, 2010)]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 10, 12, 13, 14, 16 and 24 (last update October 2, 2010)]
[Historical solar and geomagnetic data charts 1954-2006 (last update April 5, 2007)]
[Archived reports from January 2003 (last update October 9, 2010)]

NEW [POES auroral activity level charts since October 2009]

Recent activity

The geomagnetic field was quiet to active on October 24. Solar wind speed ranged between 568 and 685 km/s, under the influence of a high speed stream from CH426.

Solar flux measured at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 82.1 (down 0.9 over the last solar rotation). The planetary A index  was 14 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 14.4). Three hour interval K indices: 34233241 (planetary), 44233332 (Boulder).

The background x-ray flux is at the class A7 level.

At midnight UTC the visible solar disk had 4 spotted regions.

Region 11113 was quiet and stable.
Region 11115 was quiet and stable.
Region 11117 developed further and could produce C flares.
New region 11119 emerged in the northwest quadrant.

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

October 22-24: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were seen in LASCO or STEREO images.

Coronal holes

Coronal hole history (since late October 2002)
Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago: 28 days ago 27 days ago 26 days ago

A recurrent, trans equatorial coronal hole (CH426) was Earth facing October 20-22.

Image courtesy of SDO (NASA) and the AIA consortium. Annotations are my own. The darkest areas on the solar disk are likely coronal holes.

Propagation

Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over high and upper middle latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor to fair.

Forecast

The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled on October 25 due to effects from CH426. Quiet conditions are likely on October 26-28.

Coronal holes (1) Coronal mass ejections (2) M and X class flares (3)



1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.

Green: 0-20% probability, Yellow: 20-60% probability, Red: 60-100% probability.

Active solar regions (Recent map)

Compare to the previous day's image

Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.

Active region Date numbered Spot count Location at midnight Area Classification SDO (NASA) / AIA 4500
image
Comment
SWPC STAR SWPC STAR Current Previous
11113 2010.10.13 1 1 N16W69 0080 HSX HSX area: 0050
11115 2010.10.15 1 1 S29W36 0120 HSX HSX  
S824 2010.10.18     N17W22           plage
11118 2010.10.19     N14W05           plage
11117 2010.10.19 13 22 N22E12 0120 DSO DSI area: 0300
11119 2010.10.19 2 3 N22W25 0040 BXO CSO   area: 0300
Total spot count: 17 27  
SSN: 57 67  

Monthly solar cycle data

Month Average measured solar flux International sunspot number (SIDC) Smoothed sunspot number Average ap
(3)
2000.04 184.2 125.5 120.8
cycle 23 sunspot max.
 
2000.07 202.3 170.1 119.8  
2001.12 235.1 132.2 114.6 (-0.9)  
2008.07 65.7 (SF minimum) 0.5 2.8 (-0.4)  
2008.12 69.2 0.8 1.7 (-)
sunspot minimum
3.25
2009.07 68.2 3.2 3.6 (+0.9) 5.49 / 4.55
2009.08 67.3 0.0 4.8 (+1.2) 5.70 / 4.89
2009.09 70.5 4.3 6.2 (+1.4) 3.88 / 3.61
2009.10 72.6 4.8 7.1 (+0.9) 3.66 / 3.56
2009.11 73.6 4.1 7.6 (+0.5) 2.45 / 2.63
2009.12 76.7 10.8 8.3 (+0.7) 1.41 / 1.92
2010.01 81.1 13.2 9.3 (+1.0) 2.93 / 3.07
2010.02 84.7 18.8 10.6 (+1.3) 4.15 / 4.61
2010.03 83.4 15.4 12.3 (+1.7) 4.58 / 4.65
2010.04 75.9 8.0 (13.9 predicted, +1.6) 10.22 / 10.24
2010.05 73.8 8.7 (15.2 predicted, +1.3) 9.18 / 8.15
2010.06 72.5 13.6 (16.7 predicted, +1.5) 8.17 / 6.85
2010.07 79.8 16.1 (18.3 predicted, +1.6) 6.31 / 5.15
2010.08 79.2 19.6 (19.5 predicted, +1.2) 8.49 / 7.77
2010.09 81.1 25.2 (20.7 predicted, +1.2) 5.33
2010.10 80.6 (1) 25.0 (2A) / 32.3 (2B) (23.1 predicted, +2.4) (6.54)

1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days). The official international sunspot number is typically 30-50% lower. 2B) Month average to date.
3) Running average based on the daily SWPC ap indices. Values in red are based on the official NGDC ap indices.

This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to the UTC day. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.