Solar Terrestrial Activity Report

Last major update issued on February 16, 2011 at 05:20 UTC.

[Solar and geomagnetic data - last month (updated daily)]
[Solar wind and electron fluence charts (updated daily)
[Solar cycles 21-24 (last update February 1, 2011)]
[Solar cycles 1-20]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24 (last update February 1, 2011)]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 10, 12, 13, 14, 16 and 24 (last update February 1, 2011)]
[Historical solar and geomagnetic data charts 1954-2006 (last update April 5, 2007)]
[Archived reports since January 2003 (last update February 1, 2011)]

[POES auroral activity level charts since October 2009]
Annotated geomagnetic activity charts - Carrington rotation 2104 [Nov-Dec.2010]- 2105 [Dec-Jan.2011] NEW

Recent activity

The geomagnetic field was quiet on February 15. Solar wind speed ranged between 345 and 472 km/s.

Solar flux measured at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 112.8 (increasing 32.0 over the last solar rotation - and a new high for cycle 24). The planetary A index  was 4 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 3.9). Three hour interval K indices: 11112112 (planetary), 11121222 (Boulder).

The background x-ray flux is at the class B5 level.

At midnight UTC the visible solar disk had 8 spotted regions.

Region 11156 reemerged on February 15 with a single small spot.
Region 11157 decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 11158 still has a strong magnetic delta configuration in the central penumbra and remains capable of producing another X class flare. Flares: C2.7 at 00:38, X2.2 (see movie) at 01:56 (associated with moderate type II and IV radio sweeps and a full halo CME), C4.8 at 04:32, C1.0 at 10:07, C4.8 at 14:44 and a long duration C6.6 /1F event peaking at 20:33 UTC.
Region 11159 was quiet and stable.
Region 11160 developed quickly and could soon become capable of producing an M class flare.

Spotted regions not numbered by NOAA/SWPC:
[S875] This region in the northeast quadrant reemerged on February 13 and was mostly unchanged on February 14. Decaye was observed on Feb.15 and the region could soon become spotless. Location at midnight: N20W12
[S878] This region emerged in the northeast quadrant on February 13. A few tiny spots emerged on February 15. Location at midnight: N19E21
[S881] A new region emerged with a tiny spot on February 15. Location at midnight: S33W36

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

February 13: A small partial halo CME was observed after the M6 flare in region 11158. The CME could reach Earth on February 16.
February 14: A CME was observed in association with an M2 event in region 11158 and could reach Earth on February 17.
February 15: The X2 event in region 11158 was associated with a full halo CME. The CME could reach Earth on February 17.

Coronal holes

Coronal hole history (since late October 2002)
Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago: 28 days ago 27 days ago 26 days ago

No significant coronal holes are currently in or near Earth facing positions.

The darkest areas on the solar disk are likely coronal holes.

Propagation

Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over high and upper middle latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.

Forecast

The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to active on February 16 and unsettled to major storm on February 17-18 due to CME effects.

Coronal holes (1) Coronal mass ejections (2) M and X class flares (3)



1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.

Green: 0-20% probability, Yellow: 20-60% probability, Red: 60-100% probability.

Active solar regions

(Click on image for higher resolution image) Compare to the previous day's image

When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue (blue-green) is positive.

Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.

Active region Date numbered
detected
Spot count Location at midnight Area Classification SDO / HMI 4K continuum
image with polarity overlay
Comment
SWPC STAR SWPC STAR Current Previous
11156 2011.02.08   1 S21W62 0000   AXX    
11157 2011.02.08 9 8 N19W57 0050 DAO CRO  
11158 2011.02.11
2011.02.10
36 48 S21W27 0600 EKC EKC  

beta-gamma-delta

11159 2011.02.11
2011.02.10
2 2 N19W28 0005 AXX BXO  
S875 2011.02.10   1 N20W12 0000   AXX  
S876 2011.02.11     S17E19         plage
11160 2011.02.12 13 27 N11E38 0130 DAI DAI beta-gamma

SWPC: 11161

S878 2011.02.13   9 N19E34 0000   AXX  
S879 2011.02.14     N04W55         plage
S880 2011.02.14     N04W12         plage
S881 2011.02.15   1 S33W36 0000   AXX    
Total spot count: 60 97  
Sunspot number: 100 177  

Monthly solar cycle data

Month Average measured solar flux International sunspot number (SIDC) Smoothed sunspot number Average ap
(3)
2008.07 65.7 (SF minimum) 0.5 2.8 (-0.4)  
2008.12 69.2 0.8 1.7 (-)
sunspot minimum
3.25
2009.11 73.6 4.1 7.6 (+0.5) 2.45 / 2.63
2009.12 76.7 10.8 8.3 (+0.7) 1.41 / 1.92
2010.01 81.1 13.2 9.3 (+1.0) 2.93 / 3.07
2010.02 84.7 18.8 10.6 (+1.3) 4.15 / 4.61
2010.03 83.4 15.4 12.3 (+1.7) 4.58 / 4.65
2010.04 75.9 8.0 14.0 (+1.7) 10.22 / 10.24
2010.05 73.8 8.7 15.5 (+1.5) 9.18 / 8.15
2010.06 72.5 13.6 16.4 (+0.9) 8.17 / 6.85
2010.07 79.8 16.1 16.8 (+0.4) 6.31 / 5.15
2010.08 79.2 19.6 (17.1 predicted, +0.3) 8.49 / 7.77
2010.09 81.1 25.2 (17.7 predicted, +0.6) 5.33 / 5.45
2010.10 81.6 23.5 (19.0 predicted, +1.3) 6.07 / 6.27
2010.11 82.5 21.6 (20.7 predicted, +1.7) 4.80 / 5.50
2010.12 84.2 14.5 (22.2 predicted, +1.5) 3.41 / 4.35
2011.01 83.6 19.1 (23.8 predicted, +1.6) 4.32
2011.02 90.2 (1) 27.5 (2A) / 51.3 (2B) (25.5 predicted, +1.7) (6.21)

1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days). The official SIDC international sunspot number is typically 30-50% lower. 2B) Month average to date.
3) Running average based on the preliminary daily SWPC ap indices. Values in red are based on the official NGDC ap indices.

This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to the UTC day. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.

SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.