The geomagnetic field was quiet to active on October 4 under the influence of effects from CH1104. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 496 and 682 km/sec. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to minor storm levels.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 152.4 - increasing 26.3 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 114.63). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 17 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 16.6). Three hour interval K indices: 34422243 (planetary), 23422233 (Boulder), 44442255 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C1 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 9 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 263) and in 8 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 168) SDO/HMI images.
Region 13110 [N18W79] decayed further and
became gradually less active. There is a chance of an M class flare while
the region is near the northwest limb. C1 flares: C1.5 @ 06:47, C1.6 @ 19:46
UT
Region 13111 [N27W20] was quiet and stable.
Region 13112 [N20E24] developed slowly and was quiet. A small
penumbra to the north of the main penumbra has spots of both polarities. Note that SWPC include
the spots from AR S7901 in this region. C1 flares: C1.9 @ 09:09 UT
Region 13113 [N17W71] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13114 [S32W10] was quiet and stable.
Region 13115 [S18W10] was quiet and stable.
Region 13116 [N29E39] was quiet and stable.
Region 13117 [S11E03] decayed slowly and quietly.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC:
S7901 [N22E34] produced several C flares, none
of which were impressive. The leading spot
section is
still magnetically complex with multiple magnetic deltas.
A major flare is possible. C1 flares: C1.6 @ 05:32, C1.5 @ 19:36 , C1.4 @
22:56 UT
C2+ flares:
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C4.4 | 00:43 | N23E55 | S7901 | GOES16 | |
| C2.1 | 04:27 | N23E55 | S7901 | GOES16 | |
| C2.5 | 08:13 | 13110 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.2 | 10:38 | S7901 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.5 | 12:44 | 13110 | GOES16 | ||
| M1.6 | 13:15 | N17W66 | 13110 | GOES16 | LDE |
| C4.4 | 15:10 | 13110 | GOES16 |
October 2: A faint full halo CME was observed after the M8 flare in
AR 13110 early in the day.
October 3: A partial halo CME was observed after a filament eruption
early in the day to the east and south of AR 13115. The eruption began a few
minutes after midnight and the CME was visible after 01h UT in LASCO
imagery. While the core of the CME is not headed towards Earth, some of the
ejecta could reach Earth on October 5 or 6.
October 4: No obvious CMEs were observed in available LASCO imagery.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A recurrent coronal holes (CH1104) was Earth facing on September 29 - October 1. A trans equatorial coronal hole (CH1105) will be Earth facing on October 5.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
Quiet to active conditions are likely on October 5-6, first due to effects from CH1104, then due to CME effects. Quiet to unsettled conditions are likely on October 7 becoming quiet to active on October 8-9 due to effects from CH1105.l
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 13110 | 2022.09.22 2022.09.23 |
6 | 10 | 5 | N18W79 | 0180 | DAI | DAO |
 |
 |
|
| 13111 | 2022.09.26 2022.09.27 |
1 | 8 | 1 | N28W21 | 0060 | HSX | CSO |
 |
 |
location: N27W20 |
| S7894 | 2022.09.29 | N12W37 | |||||||||
| 13113 | 2022.09.29 2022.09.30 |
4 | 6 | 4 | N16W66 | 0090 | CSO | DAO |
 |
 |
area: 0170 |
| S7897 | 2022.09.29 | N31W39 | |||||||||
| 13114 | 2022.09.30 2022.10.01 |
2 | S34W16 | 0002 | AXX |
 |
 |
location: S32W10 | |||
| 13112 | 2022.09.30 2022.09.30 |
48 | 31 | 11 | N23E32 | 0720 | FKC | DAO |
 |
 |
beta-gamma area: 0200 location: N20E24 SWPC includes AR S7901 in this region |
| S7901 | 2022.09.30 | 72 | 43 | N22E34 | 0700 | FKC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta | ||
| S7902 | 2022.09.30 | N28E31 |
 |
||||||||
| S7903 | 2022.09.30 | S12W17 | |||||||||
| 13115 | 2022.10.01 2022.10.03 |
12 | 26 | 16 | S18W11 | 0130 | DAO | DAI |
 |
 |
area: 0230 |
| 13116 | 2022.10.01 2022.10.03 |
9 | 15 | 6 | N30E40 | 0030 | CRO | DRI |
 |
 |
area: 0050 |
| 13117 | 2022.10.02 2022.10.03 |
3 | 3 | 2 | S11E04 | 0010 | AXX | AXX |
 |
 |
location: S11E03 |
| S7908 | 2022.10.03 | N12W21 | |||||||||
| Total spot count: | 83 | 173 | 88 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 153 | 263 | 168 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 116 | 211 | 126 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 168 | 144 | 134 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (cycle peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2021.03 | 76.0 | 75.2 | 17.2 | 21.7 (+2.7) | 10.17 |
| 2021.04 | 75.9 | 76.4 | 24.5 | 24.8 (+3.1) | 8.40 |
| 2021.05 | 75.3 | 77.1 | 21.2 | 25.8 (+1.0) | 6.50 |
| 2021.06 | 79.4 | 81.8 | 25.0 | 27.6 (+1.8) | 5.52 |
| 2021.07 | 81.0 | 83.6 | 34.3 | 31.4 (+3.8) | 5.51 |
| 2021.08 | 77.7 | 79.7 | 22.0 | 35.4 (+4.0) | 6.19 |
| 2021.09 | 87.0 | 88.2 | 51.3 | 40.2 (+4.8) | 6.33 |
| 2021.10 | 88.9 | 88.3 | 37.4 | 45.2 (+5.0) | 7.38 |
| 2021.11 | 86.2 | 84.4 | 34.8 | 50.8 (+5.6) | 9.83 |
| 2021.12 | 103.0 | 99.8 | 67.5 | 55.9 (+5.1) | 6.40 |
| 2022.01 | 103.8 | 100.5 | 55.3 | 60.1 (+4.2) | 8.92 |
| 2022.02 | 109.1 | 106.5 | 60.9 | 64.8 (+4.7) | 10.46 |
| 2022.03 | 117.0 | 115.8 | 78.6 | 68.9 (+4.1) | 10.20 |
| 2022.04 | 130.8 | 131.7 | 84.0 | (74.2 projected, +5.3) | 11.79 |
| 2022.05 | 133.8 | 136.8 | 96.5 | (80.6 projected, +6.4) | 7.48 |
| 2022.06 | 116.1 | 119.8 | 70.3 | (86.5 projected, +5.9) | 8.20 |
| 2022.07 | 125.4 | 129.5 | 91.4 | (93.7 projected, +7.2) | 9.51 |
| 2022.08 | 114.2 | 117.1 | 75.4 | (100.2 projected, +6.5) | 10.92 |
| 2022.09 | 135.1 | 136.5 | 96.3 | (105.2 projected, +5.0) | 12.2 |
| 2022.10 | 152.3 (1) | 16.1 (2A) / 124.8 (2B) / 115.3 (2C) | (108.3 projected, +3.1) | (13.8) | |
| 2022.11 | (111.2 projected, +2.9) | ||||
| 2022.12 | (115.9 projected, +4.7) | ||||
| 2023.01 | (122.0 projected, +6.1) | ||||
| 2023.02 | (127.0 projected, +5.0) | ||||
| 2023.03 | (130.0 projected, +3.0) | ||||
| 2023.11 | (142.5 projected max SC25) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: SIDC-SILSO.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
