The geomagnetic field was at quiet to unsettled levels on December 5 under the influence of effects associated with CH1333. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 589 and 759 km/sec, averaging 648 km/sec (-25 km/sec compared to the previous day). The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes was at unsettled to major storm levels. The above 10 MeV proton flux was at background levels all day.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 206.1 - increasing 34.2 over the previous solar rotation.
The 365 day average solar flux at 1 AU was 157.57 (183 days ago). The 81 day average solar flux at 1 AU was 147.4 (41 days ago, this is 49.5% of the total SC25 solar flux range from the max 81 day average peak on September 4, 2024 at 227.3 and an average 81 day flux of 69 at solar minimum). SC25 365d peak: 195.9 on October 13, 2024.
The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 14 (STAR Ap - based on the average of three hour interval ap indices: 13.6). Three hour interval K indices: 33332233 (planetary), 33332332 (Boulder), 55434365 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C1 level (GOES 19).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 10 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 348) and in 7 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 200) SDO/HMI images.
AR 14294 [S15W03] decayed slowly losing area
and spots and magnetic delta configurations. The only section which
displayed development was the southern and central parts of the intermediate
spot section where polarity intermixing increased. C1 flares: C1.9 @ 03:47,
C1.9 @ 05:13, C1.9 @ 07:58, C1.6 @ 08:26, C1.9 @ 13:26 UT
AR 14295 [N04W00] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 14296 [S13E09] decayed further and lost the magnetic delta
configuration. C1 flares: C1.9 @ 10:56 UT
AR 14298 [S16W22] decayed slowly and quietly.
AR 14299 [N22E17] developed as new flux emerged in the leading spot
section. An M flare is possible. C1 flares: C1.9 @ 15:49, C1.9 @ 20:30 UT
AR 14300 [N07E26] gained spots and was mostly quiet.
AR 14301 [S07W72] matured and was mostly quiet.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC/USAF:
AR S11661 [N20E03] was quiet and stable.
New AR S11662 [N05E42] emerged with tiny spots.
New AR S11663 [S16E30] was observed with tiny spots in an old plage
area.
C2+ flares
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C3.9 | 00:11 | 14296 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.3 | 00:36 | 14294 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.7 | 00:50 | 14294 | GOES18 | ||
| C7.3 | 02:08 | N23E28 | 14299 | GOES18 | |
| C2.1 | 04:50 | 14296 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.0 | 05:54 | 14294 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.0 | 06:21 | 14300 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.0 | 07:26 | 14296 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.7 | 07:45 | S18W17 | 14298 | GOES18 | |
| C2.6 | 09:44 | 14294 | GOES18 | simultaneous flare in AR 14297 | |
| C2.3 | 09:55 | 14299 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.0 | 14:21 | 14299 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.1 | 16:07 | 14299 | GOES18 | ||
| C4.3 | 16:26 | S13W04 | 14294 | GOES18 | |
| C2.5 | 17:54 | S13W04 | 14294 | GOES18 | |
| C2.4 | 18:33 | 14294 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.4 | 18:51 | 14294 | GOES19 | ||
| C2.5 | 19:02 | 14296 | GOES19 | ||
| C2.2 | 19:28 | 14296 | GOES19 | ||
| C3.8 | 20:11 | 14294 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.5 | 21:03 | S12E10 | 14296 | GOES18 | |
| C2.3 | 21:16 | 14296 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.8 | 21:25 | 14299 | GOES18 | ||
| C5.2 | 22:48 | S12E10 | 14296 | GOES18 | simultaneous flares in AR 14294 |
| C5.0 | 22:55 | 14299 | GOES18 | ||
| C3.2 | 23:26 | 14299 | GOES18 | ||
| C2.7 | 00:01 | 14294 | GOES18 | flare started at 23:59 |
December 3, 5: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in
available coronagraph imagery.
December 4: A partial halo CME was observed in coronagraphs after an
eruption to the east of AR 14296 before 07h UT. There is a chance CME
components could reach Earth on December 7.
[Coronal
hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A recurrent trans equatorial negative polarity coronal hole (CH1333) was Earth facing on November 30 - December 3.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be at quiet to active levels on December 6 due to effects associated with CH1333. If the December 4 CME arrives quiet to active levels will be possible on December 7-8, otherwise mostly quiet conditions are likely.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejections (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could
reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived
the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
STAR | SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 14297 | 2025.11.26 2025.12.01 |
S12W67 |
was AR S11640 location: S11W65 |
||||||||
| 14294 | 2025.11.28 2025.11.28 |
29 | 100 | 61 | S15W09 | 1000 | FKC | FKC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma was AR S11642 location: S15W03 area: 1160 SWPC location is way off |
| S11644 | 2025.11.28 | N18W36 | |||||||||
| 14296 | 2025.11.29 2025.11.30 |
8 | 49 | 29 | S14E10 | 0650 | EKI | EHI |
 |
 |
was AR S11647 area: 0870 location: S13E09 |
| 14295 | 2025.11.29 2025.11.30 |
3 | 16 | 5 | N04W03 | 0030 | CRO | DRO |
 |
 |
was AR S11648 location: N04W00 |
| 14299 | 2025.11.30 2025.12.01 |
3 | 35 | 20 | N21E15 | 0190 | DAO | DAC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta was AR S11649 area: 0320 location: N22E17 |
| S11650 | 2025.11.30 | N18W23 |
 |
||||||||
| 14298 | 2025.12.01 | 2 | 3 | 1 | S18W24 | 0100 | CSO | CSO |
 |
 |
area: 0230 location: S16W22 |
| 14300 | 2025.12.01 2025.12.02 |
2 | 17 | 7 | N08E25 | 0020 | CSO | DSO |
 |
 |
beta-gamma was AR S11654 area: 0070 location: N08E26 |
| 14301 | 2025.12.02 2025.12.03 |
5 | 11 | 7 | S09W72 | 0080 | DAI | DAO |
 |
 |
was AR S11658 area: 0170 |
| 14302 | 2025.12.02 2025.12.05 |
1 | S04W85 | 0020 | HSX |
 |
was AR S11659 rotated out of view |
||||
| S11660 | 2025.12.03 | N17W09 | |||||||||
| S11661 | 2025.12.04 | 8 | N20E03 | 0012 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| S11662 | 2025.12.05 | 2 | N05E42 | 0002 | BXO |
 |
|||||
| S11663 | 2025.12.05 | 7 | S16E30 | 0010 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 53 | 248 | 130 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 133 | 348 | 200 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 101 | 291 | 173 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 146 | 191 | 160 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average
ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2024.05 | 187.7 | 191.9 | 172.1 | 149.1 (+4.6) | 23.56 (SC25 peak) |
| 2024.08 | 246.1 (SC25 peak) |
252.2 | 216.0 (SC25 peak) | 156.8 (+1.8) | 15.96 |
| 2024.09 | 195.7 | 197.8 | 141.1 | 159.4 (+1.6) | 15.36 |
| 2024.10 | 221.0 | 219.6 | 165.8 | 160.9 (+1.5) (SC25 solar max) | 18.99 |
| 2024.11 | 199.6 | 195.3 | 154.1 | 157.2 (-3.7) | 9.33 |
| 2024.12 | 197.3 | 191.2 | 154.6 | 151.2 (-6.0) | 8.42 |
| 2025.01 | 190.3 | 184.2 | 137.0 | 146.2 (-5.0) | 13.17 |
| 2025.02 | 184.2 | 179.7 | 155.7 | 139.8 (-6.4) | 14.42 |
| 2025.03 | 163.7 | 162.1 | 134.2 | 135.9 (-3.9) | 15.96 |
| 2025.04 | 162.5 | 163.6 | 141.4 | 133.3 (-2.6) | 17.62 |
| 2025.05 | 135.3 | 138.3 | 78.5 | 128.5 (-4.8) | 17.26 |
| 2025.06 | 131.3 | 135.4 | 114.6 | (124.4 projected, -4.1) | 21.43 |
| 2025.07 | 137.8 | 142.3 | 125.6 | (121.7 projected, -2.7) | 11.80 |
| 2025.08 | 154.9 | 158.7 | 133.5 | (118.0 projected, -3.7) | 9.97 |
| 2025.09 | 154.4 | 156.0 | 129.8 | (114.1 projected, -3.9) | 14.02 |
| 2025.10 | 139.5 | 138.6 | 114.6 | (110.1 projected, -4.0) | 15.64 |
| 2025.11 | 140.3 | 137.3 | 91.7 | (107.9 projected, -2.2) | 21.3 |
| 2025.12 | 206.6 (1) | 28.3 (2A) / 175.4 (2B) / 131.5 (2C) | (106.3 projected, -1.6) | (18.7) | |
| 2026.01 | (102.3 projected, -4.0) | ||||
| 2026.02 | (98.2 projected, -4.1) | ||||
| 2026.03 | (93.8 projected, -4.4) | ||||
| 2026.04 | (90.1 projected, -3.7) | ||||
| 2026.05 | (88.9 projected, -1.2) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value
at 2800 MHz and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder
(NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 27 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap
indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap
indices.
4) Source: WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory
Of Belgium, Brussels
Sunspot activity was on a decreasing trend from September
2024 until mid August 2025 (using the average solar flux over 3 solar rotations as a proxy).
Then a strong surge in activity saw solar flux peak in late August 2025 just
below the largest peaks seen in 2024. A slow decrease in activity from the
August level has been observed in September and October 2025.
All 365 day smoothed sunspot numbers reached a maximum on October 11-12, 2024.
This became the peak of SC25 (365 day smoothed peaks: STAR 1K: 236.1, STAR 2K: 364.3, NOAA SN: 156.0, ISN: 163.9),
while the 365d
smoothed solar flux peaked on October 13, 2024, just 1.7% below the SC23
peak, and 62.6% above the SC24 peak.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whichever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
