The geomagnetic field was quiet to active on September 23 under the influence of a low speed stream associated with CH1031 early in the day. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to active conditions.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 89.7 - increasing 0.2 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 79.21). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 10 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 9.6). Three hour interval K indices: 33422211 (planetary), 22533221 (Boulder), 42322100 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class B1 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 9 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 171) and in 6 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 100) SDO/HMI images.
Region 12871 [S29E12]
produced 2 M flares and 2 C flares during the day. The magnetic delta in the
southwest became more significant as opposite polarity umbrae are poorly
separated. The northeastern delta disappeared and the rest of the region
displayed decay.
Region 12872 [N17E03] developed early in the day, then began to
decay.
Region 12873 [N25W45] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 12874 [S24W39] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 12875 [S32W47] decayed slowly and quietly.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC:
S7092 [N27W51] decayed slowly and quietly.
S7096 [S19E41] was quiet and stable.
New region S7097 [N17E41] emerged with a tiny spot.
New region S7098 [N17E57] emerged with tiny spots.
C2+ flares:
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | AR | Recorded by | Comment |
| C5.4 | 04:32 | 12871 | GOES17 | ||
| M2.8/1N | 04:42 | S27E11 | 12871 | GOES17 | |
| M1.8/1N | 15:27 | S30E15 | 12871 | GOES16 |
September 21-23: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in available LASCO imagery. The M flares from AR 12871 were associated with CMEs, and while not obviously Earth directed, there is a chance components of these CMEs could affect Earth on September 26 or 27.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A trans equatorial coronal hole (CH1032) was Earth facing on September 19-22. A northern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1033) will likely rotate across the central meridian on September 23-24.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is fair. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor to fair.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to active on September 24-27 due to effects from CH1032 and CH1033, occasional minor storm intervals are possible.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are red colored.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| S7080 | 2021.09.17 | N27W46 | |||||||||
| 12871 | 2021.09.18 | 11 | 25 | 9 | S28E11 | 0210 | DAO | DAC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta location: S29E12 |
| S7082 | 2021.09.18 | N29W54 | |||||||||
| 12872 | 2021.09.19 2021.09.20 |
15 | 30 | 22 | N17E02 | 0120 | CAI | DAI |
 |
 |
|
| 12873 | 2021.09.19 2021.09.20 |
6 | 8 | 3 | N26W48 | 0010 | BXO | CRO |
 |
 |
location: N25W45 |
| S7087 | 2021.09.19 | N15W55 | |||||||||
| 12874 | 2021.09.19 2021.09.22 |
2 | 1 | S25W40 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
 |
|||
| 12875 | 2021.09.20 2021.09.22 |
3 | 9 | 4 | S32W47 | 0010 | BXO | CRO |
 |
 |
|
| S7091 | 2021.09.21 | N17E40 | |||||||||
| S7092 | 2021.09.22 | 2 | 1 | N27W51 | 0006 | AXX |
 |
 |
|||
| S7093 | 2021.09.22 | N23W17 |
 |
||||||||
| S7094 | 2021.09.22 | N16W10 |
 |
||||||||
| S7095 | 2021.09.22 | N21E12 |
 |
||||||||
| S7096 | 2021.09.22 | 2 | S19E41 | 0002 | AXX |
 |
 |
||||
| S7097 | 2021.09.23 | 1 | N17E41 | 0001 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| S7098 | 2021.09.23 | 2 | N17E57 | 0004 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 35 | 81 | 40 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 75 | 171 | 100 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 45 | 97 | 56 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 83 | 94 | 80 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (cycle peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (cycle peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2020.03 | 70.2 | 69.5 | 1.5 | 3.0 (+0.3) | 5.63 |
| 2020.04 | 69.5 | 70.0 | 5.4 | 3.6 (+0.6) | 5.32 |
| 2020.05 | 69.0 | 70.6 | 0.2 | 5.6 (+2.0) | 3.80 |
| 2020.06 | 69.5 | 71.7 | 5.8 | 7.9 (+2.3) | 3.75 |
| 2020.07 | 69.5 | 71.8 | 6.3 | 9.0 (+1.1) | 4.28 |
| 2020.08 | 71.6 | 73.4 | 7.6 | 9.5 (+0.5) | 5.68 |
| 2020.09 | 70.7 | 71.4 | 0.7 | 10.5 (+1.0) | 8.59 |
| 2020.10 | 74.6 | 74.2 | 14.6 | 11.9 (+1.4) | 6.13 |
| 2020.11 | 89.9 | 88.0 | 34.5 | 13.6 (+1.7) | 4.77 |
| 2020.12 | 86.9 | 84.2 | 23.1 | 15.3 (+1.7) | 4.72 |
| 2021.01 | 76.0 | 73.6 | 10.4 | 17.3 (+2.0) | 4.39 |
| 2021.02 | 74.3 | 72.4 | 8.3 | 19.1 (+1.8) | 9.50 |
| 2021.03 | 76.0 | 75.2 | 17.3 | (21.4 projected, +2.3) | 10.17 |
| 2021.04 | 75.9 | 76.4 | 24.5 | (25.0 projected, +3.6) | 8.40 |
| 2021.05 | 75.3 | 77.1 | 21.2 | (27.7 projected, +2.7) | 6.50 |
| 2021.06 | 79.4 | 81.8 | 25.3 | (30.9 projected, +3.2) | 5.52 |
| 2021.07 | 81.0 | 83.6 | 34.4 | (35.5 projected, +4.6) | 5.51 |
| 2021.08 | 77.7 | 79.7 | 22.4 | (40.2 projected, +4.7) | 6.19 |
| 2021.09 | 85.7 (1) | 36.5 (2A) / 49.8 (2B) / 53.7 (2C) | (45.9 projected, +5.7) | (6.8) | |
| 2021.10 | (50.3 projected, +4.4) | ||||
| 2021.11 | (54.9 projected, +4.6) | ||||
| 2021.12 | (60.7 projected, +5.8) | ||||
| 2022.01 | (64.3 projected, +3.6) | ||||
| 2022.02 | (69.1 projected, +4.8) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: SIDC-SILSO.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
