Solar Terrestrial Activity Report

Activity chart

Last major update issued on August 13, 2012 at 05:20 UTC.

[Solar and geomagnetic data - last month (updated daily)]
[Solar wind and electron fluence charts (updated daily)]
[Solar cycles 21-24 (last update August 6, 2012)] [Cycle 24 progress (last update August 2, 2012) ]
[Solar cycles 1-20]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24 (last update August 6, 2012)]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 10, 12, 13, 14, 16 and 24 (last update August 6, 2012)]
[Historical solar and geomagnetic data charts 1954-2006 (last update April 5, 2007)]
[Archived reports since January 2003 (last update August 5, 2012)]

[POES auroral activity level since October 2009 - updated August 5, 2012]
[Solar polar fields vs solar cycles - updated June 27, 2011]

Recent activity

The geomagnetic field was quiet to unsettled on August 12. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 297 and 388 km/s, increasing slowly most of the day, probably under the influence of a low speed stream from CH527.

Solar flux measured at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 112.3 (decreasing 25.6 over the last solar rotation). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 8 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 8.5). Three hour interval K indices: 22312133 (planetary), 22213223 (Boulder).

The background x-ray flux is at the class B3 level.

At midnight UTC the visible solar disk had 9 spotted active regions (in 2K resolution SDO images).

Region 11537 [N13W68] decayed slowly and quietly as it rotated to the northwest limb.
Region 11540 [S25W62] decayed further and could become spotless before rotating out of view.
Region 11542 [S13W05] decayed quickly and quietly.
Region 11543 [N22E07] developed slowly and became more complex with minor polarity intermixing. An M class flare is possible.
Region 11544 [S31W41] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 11545 [S14W34] developed slowly and quietly.

Spotted active regions not numbered or interpreted differently by NOAA/SWPC:
S1848
[S15W70] reemerged with a few spots.
New region S1855 [S24W03] emerged with a tiny spot.

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

August 10-12: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in LASCO and STEREO imagery.

Coronal holes

Coronal hole history (since October 2002)
Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago: 28 days ago 27 days ago 26 days ago

A coronal hole (CH527) in the southern hemisphere was in an Earth facing position on August 9-10.  A coronal hole (CH528) in the northern hemisphere was Earth facing on August 10-11. A recurrent coronal hole (CH529) in the southern hemisphere will likely become Earth facing on August 15-16.

Coronal hole map

The above coronal hole map is based on a method where coronal holes are detected automatically. While the method may need some fine tuning, it has significant advantages over detecting coronal holes manually. The main improvement is the ability to detect coronal holes at and just beyond the solar limbs. Early results using this method for SDO images over a span of several weeks indicate a good match between coronal holes observed over the visible disk and their extent and position at the east and west limbs. Note that the polar coronal holes are easily detected using this method, the extent and intensity of both CHs are consistent with other data sources.

Propagation

Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over high and upper middle latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor to fair.

Forecast

The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled on August 13-14 due to weak effects from CH527 and CH528. Quiet conditions are likely on August 15-17. A high speed stream from CH529 could cause unsettled to active conditions on August 18-19.

Coronal holes (1) Coronal mass ejection (2) M and X class flares (3)
     

1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.

Green: 0-20% probability, Yellow: 20-60% probability, Red: 60-100% probability.

Active solar regions

Click on image for higher resolution image) Compare to the previous day's image

When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue (blue-green) is positive.

Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.

Active region Date numbered
detected
Spot count Location at midnight Area Classification SDO / HMI 4K continuum
image with magnetic polarity overlay
Comment
SWPC STAR SDO SWPC STAR Current Previous
2K 1K
11537 2012.07.31   1   N12W83 0000   AXX  
11538 2012.07.31 1     S22W87 0010 AXX      
11539 2012.08.01
2012.08.02
      S20W71          

plage

11541 2012.08.02
2012.08.03
      S17W60           plage
11540 2012.08.02
2012.08.03
1 3 1 S25W62 0030 HAX BXO

area: 0000

11542 2012.08.06 6 14 9 S13W04 0060 DAO CSO

 

11543 2012.08.06
2012.08.07
5 31 14 N20E07 0230 DSO DHI beta-gamma

area: 0450

S1848 2012.08.07   3 1 S15W70 0020   CRO    
S1849 2012.08.08       S10W42           plage
11544 2012.08.08
2012.08.09
2 6 4 S31W45 0050 CAO CRO

location: S31W41

area: 0020

11545 2012.08.09
2012.08.11
1 8 4 S14W34 0010 BXO CRO BXO with 1 spot is impossible
S1852 2012.08.10       N16W19           plage
S1853 2012.08.11       S25W13         plage
S1854 2012.08.11       S01W27         plage
S1855 2012.08.12   1   S24W03 0000   AXX    
Total spot count: 16 67 33  
Sunspot number: 76 147 93  (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions)
Weighted penumbral SN: 36 91 57  (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10)
Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): 46 51 51 k * (sunspot number). k = 0.6 for SWPC, k = 0.35 for STAR SDO 2K, k = 0.55 for STAR SDO 1K

Monthly solar cycle data

Month Average measured solar flux International sunspot number (SIDC) Smoothed sunspot number Average ap
(3)
2011.05 95.8 41.6 47.6 (+5.8) 8.94
2011.06 95.8 37.0 53.2 (+5.6) 8.06
2011.07 94.2 43.9 57.2 (+4.0) 8.16
2011.08 101.7 50.6 59.0 (+1.8) 7.26
2011.09 133.8 78.0 59.5 (+0.5) 12.27
2011.10 137.3 88.0 59.9 (+0.4) 8.28
2011.11 153.5 96.7 61.1 (+1.2) 5.55
2011.12 141.3 73.0 63.4 (+2.3) 3.78
2012.01 132.5 58.3 65.5 (+2.1) 7.15
2012.02 106.5 33.1 (67.4 projected, +1.9) 8.81
2012.03 114.7 64.2 (68.1 projected, +0.7) 16.08
2012.04 113.0 55.2 (67.5 projected, -0.6) 10.10
2012.05 121.5 69.0 (65.8 projected, -1.7) 7.06
2012.06 119.6 64.5 (65.0 projected, -0.8) 10.08
2012.07 133.9 66.5 (66.0 projected, +1.0) 13.90
2012.08 131.1 (1) 43.8 (2A) / 113.1 (2B) (68.6 projected, +2.6) (7.65)

1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days). The official SIDC international sunspot number is typically 30-50% lower. 2B) Month average to date.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red are based on the definitive international Potsdam WDC ap indices.

This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to the UTC day. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.

SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.