Last major update issued on January 8, 2012 at 05:55 UTC.
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Annotated geomagnetic activity charts - Carrington rotation
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June 27, 2011]
The geomagnetic field was quiet on January 7. Solar wind speed ranged between 405 and 463 km/s, weakly under the influence of a high speed coronal hole stream associated with CH491.
Solar flux measured at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 140.5 (increasing 5.8 over the last solar rotation). The planetary A index was 4 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 4.0). Three hour interval K indices: 21011112 (planetary), 21122222 (Boulder).
The background x-ray flux is at the class B7 level.
At midnight UTC the visible solar disk had 11 spotted regions (in 2K resolution SDO images).
Region 11388 [S25W72] was quiet and stable.
Region 11389 [S18W61] decayed slightly and was quiet. Note that SWPC includes
region S1401 in this region.
Region 11391 [N13E13] developed slowly and quietly. A minor M class flare
is possible.
Region 11392 [N20W44] decayed quickly and was quiet.
Region 11393 [N17W28] developed quickly and has M class flare potential.
Region 11394 [N18E28] decayed losing the trailing spots.
Spotted regions not reported (or interpreted differently) by NOAA/SWPC:
[S1401] rotated into view at the southeast limb on December 28 and
developed significantly in the central and trailing spot sections on Dec.29-31.
The leading spot section decayed on January 1. Quick decay was observed on
January 2-4. Location at midnight: S24W61.
[S1414] rotated into view at the northeast limb on
January 7. Location at midnight: N21E75
[S1415] emerged in the northeast quadrant on January 7. Location at
midnight: N12E40
[S1416] emerged in the southwest quadrant on January 7. Location at
midnight: S12W55
[S1417] emerged in the southwest quadrant on January 7. Location at
midnight: S24W16
January 6-7: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in LASCO and
STEREO imagery.
January 5: A fairly large filament eruption to the north of region 11392
was recorded as a long duration C2.1 event peaking at 12:38 UTC.
While the core of the associated CME will not reach Earth, STEREO imagery hints
at the possibility that the outer edge of the CME could do so.
Coronal hole history (since October
2002)
Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago
A recurrent trans equatorial coronal hole (CH491) was in an Earth facing position on January 4-5. A recurrent coronal hole (CH492) in the southern hemisphere will likely rotated into an Earth facing position on January 8-10.
The above coronal hole map is based on a new method where coronal holes are detected automatically. The method may need some fine tuning, however, it has significant advantages over detecting coronal holes manually. The main improvement is the ability to detect coronal holes at and just beyond the solar limbs. Early results using this method for SDO images over a span of several weeks indicate a good match between coronal holes observed over the visible disk and their extent and position at the east and west limbs. Note that the polar coronal holes are easily detected using the new method, the extent and intensity of both holes are consistent with other data sources.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over high and upper middle latitudes is fair. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor to fair.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet on January 8-10. There's a minor chance of a weak flank CME impact on January 8 or 9. Weak effects from CH492 could cause a few unsettled intervals on January 11-13.
Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejections (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the
next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to
green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48
hours.
Green: 0-20% probability, Yellow: 20-60% probability, Red: 60-100% probability.
Click on image for higher resolution image) Compare to the previous day's image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue (blue-green) is positive.
Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.
Active region | Date numbered detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlay |
Comment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SWPC | STAR SDO | SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | |||||
11388 | 2011.12.26 2011.12.27 |
2 | 2 | S24W73 | 0050 | CSO | CSO |
location: S25W72 |
||
11389 | 2011.12.27 2011.12.28 |
1 | 2 | S21W61 | 0210 | HSX | CHO |
area: 0260 location: S18W61 SWPC includes region S1401 |
||
S1401 | 2011.12.28 | 2 | S24W61 | 0000 | AXX | |||||
11391 | 2012.01.02 | 12 | 20 | N13E14 | 0370 | DKO | DKI |
area: 0500 |
||
S1406 | 2012.01.02 | N08W21 | ||||||||
11392 | 2012.01.02 2012.01.03 |
5 | 7 | N19W46 | 0050 | DAO | DRO | location: N20W44 | ||
11393 | 2012.01.04 2012.01.05 |
10 | 26 | N17W28 | 0100 | DAO | DKC |
beta-gamma area: 0450 |
||
S1409 | 2012.01.04 | S15W41 | plage | |||||||
11394 | 2012.01.05 2012.01.06 |
2 | 3 | N18E26 | 0010 | BXO | AXX | |||
S1411 | 2012.01.06 | S17E50 | plage | |||||||
S1412 | 2012.01.06 | S18W74 | plage | |||||||
S1413 | 2012.01.06 | N33E07 | plage | |||||||
S1414 | 2012.01.07 | 2 | N21E75 | 0260 | HKX | |||||
S1415 | 2012.01.07 | 1 | N12E40 | 0000 | AXX | |||||
S1416 | 2012.01.07 | 1 | S12W55 | 0000 | AXX | |||||
S1417 | 2012.01.07 | 1 | S24W16 | 0000 | AXX | |||||
Total spot count: | 32 | 67 | ||||||||
Sunspot number: | 92 | 177 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
Weighted penumbral SN: | 62 | 115 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 55 | 80 | k * (sunspot number). k = 0.6 for SWPC. k = 0.45 (changed from 0.33 on Nov.1) for STAR SDO |
Month | Average measured solar flux | International sunspot number (SIDC) | Smoothed sunspot number | Average ap (3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2008.07 | 65.7 (SF minimum) | 0.5 | 2.8 (-0.4) | |
2008.12 | 69.2 | 0.8 | 1.7 (-) sunspot minimum |
3.25 |
2010.10 | 81.6 | 23.5 | 23.2 (+3.6) | 6.07 / 6.27 |
2010.11 | 82.5 | 21.5 | 26.5 (+3.3) | 4.80 / 5.50 |
2010.12 | 84.2 | 14.4 | 28.8 (+2.3) | 3.41 / 4.35 |
2011.01 | 83.6 | 19.1 | 31.0 (+2.2) | 4.32 / 5.51 |
2011.02 | 94.6 | 29.4 | 33.4 (+2.4) | 5.41 / 6.44 |
2011.03 | 115.0 | 56.2 | 36.9 (+3.5) | 7.79 / 8.18 |
2011.04 | 112.6 | 54.4 | 41.8 (+4.9) | 9.71 / 8.83 |
2011.05 | 95.8 | 41.6 | 47.6 (+5.8) | 9.18 / 8.94 |
2011.06 | 95.8 | 37.0 | 53.2 (+5.6) | 8.96 / 8.06 |
2011.07 | 94.2 | 43.9 | (57.8 projected, +4.6) | 9.14 / 8.16 |
2011.08 | 101.7 | 50.6 | (62.0 projected, +4.2) | 8.16 / 7.26 |
2011.09 | 133.8 | 78.0 | (65.3 projected, +3.3) | 12.80 / 12.27 |
2011.10 | 137.3 | 88.0 | (68.8 projected, +3.5) | 7.52 |
2011.11 | 153.5 | 96.7 | (73.2 projected, +4.3) | 4.58 |
2011.12 | 141.3 | 73.0 | (78.6 projected, +5.5) | 3.32 |
2012.01 | 136.1 (1) | 20.6 (2A) / 91.1 (2B) | (84.4 projected, +5.8) | (4.52) |
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at
2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder
(NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days). The
official SIDC international sunspot number is typically 30-50% lower. 2B) Month
average to date.
3) Running average based on the preliminary daily SWPC ap indices.
Values in red are based on the official NGDC
ap indices.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to the UTC day. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.