Last major update issued on January 1, 2014 at 09:05 UTC.
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The geomagnetic field was quiet on December 31. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 329 and 432 km/s.
Solar flux measured at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 145.3 (increasing 7.3 over the last solar rotation). The 90 day 10.7 flux at 1 AU was 140.5. The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 6 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 6.0). Three hour interval K indices: 21222121 (planetary), 11222221 (Boulder).
The background x-ray flux was at the class C1 level.
At the time of counting spots (see image time) spots were observed in 13 active regions in 2K resolution (SN: 252) and 11 active regions in 1K resolution (SN: 194) SDO images on the visible solar disk.
Region 11936 [S16W37] developed a large leading
penumbra as several penumbrae merged. The central magnetic
delta structure could cause another major flare.
C5+ flare: major M6.4/2N at 21:58 UTC.
Region 11937 [S12W08] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 11938 [S13E12] gained a few spots and a trailing polarity umbra.
New region 11940 [S12W43] emerged on December 30 and was numbered by SWPC
the next day.
New region 11941 [S14W21] emerged on December 28 and was noticed by SWPC
3 days later.
New region 11942 [N09E64] rotated into view on December 30 and got its
NOAA number the following day.
New region 11943 [S12E71] rotated into view on December 30 with SWPC
numbering the reigon the next day.
Spotted regions not numbered (or interpreted differently) by SWPC:
S2958 [S15W82] was quiet and stable and remained
magnetically simple structured.
S2959 [N28E16] reemerged with a few penumbra spots.
S2975 [S30W12] gained a trailing penumbra spot.
New region S2976 [S07E86] rotated partly into view with a large leader
spot. The region could produce a major flare.
C5+ flare: long duration C8.8 peaking at
11:50 UTC.
New region S2977 [N24E23] emerged with a penumbra spot.
December 29-31: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in LASCO and STEREO imagery.
Coronal hole history (since October
2002)
Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago
A recurrent trans equatorial coronal hole (CH598) was in an Earth facing position on December 29-31.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle latitudes is fair. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor to fair.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to active on January 1-3 due to effects from CH598.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the
next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to
green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48
hours.
Green: 0-20% probability, Yellow: 20-60% probability, Red: 60-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution) Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.
| Active region | Date numbered detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlay |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC | STAR SDO | SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 11934 | 2013.12.20 | 5 | S16W83 | 0080 | EAC | see AR S2958 | |||||
| 11936 | 2013.12.22 2013.12.23 |
36 | 64 | 34 | S16W36 | 0280 | EAC | EKC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta area: 0480 |
| 11935 | 2013.12.22 2013.12.23 |
S06W68 | plage | ||||||||
| S2947 | 2013.12.24 | S21W14 | plage | ||||||||
| S2948 | 2013.12.24 | S30W39 | plage | ||||||||
| S2949 | 2013.12.24 | N07W16 | plage | ||||||||
| S2950 | 2013.12.24 | N13W48 | plage | ||||||||
| 11937 | 2013.12.25 2013.12.26 |
3 | 1 | 1 | S12W09 | 0010 | BXO | AXX |
 |
 |
area: 0005 |
| S2953 | 2013.12.25 | S21W58 | plage | ||||||||
| 11938 | 2013.12.26 2013.12.27 |
3 | 22 | 14 | S09E09 | 0030 | HAX | DRI |
 |
 |
area: 0080 |
| S2956 | 2013.12.26 | N10W45 | plage | ||||||||
| S2958 | 2013.12.27 | 4 | 3 | S15W82 | 0190 | CSO |
 |
 |
|||
| S2959 | 2013.12.27 | 4 | 1 | N18E16 | 0011 | BXO |
 |
||||
| S2960 | 2013.12.27 | S12W45 | plage | ||||||||
| 11941 | 2013.12.28 2013.12.31 |
3 | 8 | 8 | S13W22 | 0030 | DRO | DRO |
 |
 |
area: 0055 |
| S2965 | 2013.12.29 | S28E16 |
 |
plage | |||||||
| S2966 | 2013.12.29 | S13E35 |
 |
plage | |||||||
| S2967 | 2013.12.29 | S35W10 | plage | ||||||||
| S2968 | 2013.12.29 | N23W33 | plage | ||||||||
| S2971 | 2013.12.30 | 1 | 1 | S22E45 | 0004 | AXX |
 |
 |
|||
| 11943 | 2013.12.30 2013.12.31 |
1 | 2 | 2 | S11E67 | 0020 | CRO | CAO |
 |
 |
area: 0040 |
| 11942 | 2013.12.30 2013.12.31 |
1 | 4 | 3 | N10E62 | 0020 | HRX | CAO |
 |
 |
area: 0030 |
| 11940 | 2013.12.30 2013.12.31 |
4 | 8 | 4 | S12W44 | 0020 | DRO | DRO |
 |
 |
area: 0050 |
| S2975 | 2013.12.30 | 2 | 2 | S30W12 | 0008 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S2976 | 2013.12.31 | 1 | 1 | S07E86 | 0520 | HHX |
 |
||||
| S2977 | 2013.12.31 | 1 | N14E23 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 56 | 122 | 74 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 136 | 252 | 194 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 83 | 164 | 118 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 82 | 88 | 107 | k * (sunspot number). k = 0.6 for SWPC, k = 0.35 for STAR SDO 2K, k = 0.55 for STAR SDO 1K | |||||||
| Month | Average measured solar flux | International sunspot number (SIDC) | Smoothed sunspot number | Average ap (3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011.11 | 153.5 (cycle peak) | 96.7 (cycle peak) | 61.1 (+1.2) | 5.55 |
| 2012.02 | 106.5 | 32.9 | 66.9 (+1.4) possible cycle 24 max |
8.81 |
| 2012.09 | 122.9 | 61.4 | 58.1 (-0.1) | 8.07 |
| 2012.10 | 123.3 | 53.3 | 58.6 (+0.5) | 9.97 |
| 2012.11 | 121.3 | 61.8 | 59.7 (+1.1) | 7.08 |
| 2012.12 | 108.6 | 40.8 | 59.6 (-0.1) | 3.44 |
| 2013.01 | 127.1 | 62.9 | 58.7 (-0.9) | 4.69 |
| 2013.02 | 104.3 | 38.0 | 58.4 (-0.3) | 6.11 |
| 2013.03 | 111.3 | 57.9 | 57.5 (-0.9) | 10.56 |
| 2013.04 | 124.8 | 72.4 | 57.9 (+0.4) | 5.40 |
| 2013.05 | 131.4 | 78.7 | 59.9 (+2.0) | 9.73 |
| 2013.06 | 110.1 | 52.5 | (62.2 projected, +2.3) | 12.60 |
| 2013.07 | 115.5 | 57.0 | (63.9 projected, +1.7) | 9.47 |
| 2013.08 | 114.6 | 66.0 | (64.8 projected, +0.9) | 8.27 |
| 2013.09 | 102.6 | 36.9 | (65.6 projected, +0.8) | 5.23 |
| 2013.10 | 132.1 | 85.6 | (64.9 projected, -0.7) | 7.71 |
| 2013.11 | 148.3 | 77.6 | (63.0 projected, -1.9) | 5.68 |
| 2013.12 | 147.7 (1) | 118.3 (2A/2B) / 93.5 (2C) | (61.7 projected, -1.3) | (4.6) |
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at
2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder
(NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days). The
official SIDC international sunspot number is typically 30-50% lower. 2B)
Boulder SN current month
average to date. 2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices.
Values in red are based on the definitive
international Potsdam
WDC
ap indices.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to the UTC day. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
