Solar Terrestrial Activity Report

Last major update issued on June 1, 2014 at 05:30 UTC.

[Solar and geomagnetic data - last month (updated daily)]
[Solar wind and electron fluence charts (updated daily)]
[Solar cycles 23-24 (last update June 1, 2014)] [Cycle 24 progress (last update June 1, 2014) ]
[Solar cycles 1-20]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24 (last update June 1, 2014)]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 10, 12, 13, 14, 16 and 24 (last update June 1, 2014)]
[Historical solar and geomagnetic data charts 1954-2006 (last update April 5, 2007)]
[Archived reports since January 2003 (last update May 1, 2014)]

[POES auroral activity level October 2009 - December 2012]
[Solar polar fields vs solar cycles - updated April 17, 2014]
[Presentations: 3rd SSN Workshop, Tucson, 2013 (pdf) / 4th SSN Workshop, Locarno, 2014]

Recent activity

The geomagnetic field was very quiet on May 31. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 331 and 360 km/s.

Solar flux at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 103.7 (decreasing 27.8 over the last solar rotation). The 90 day 10.7 flux at 1 AU was 141.6. The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 3 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 2.8). Three hour interval K indices: 11100010 (planetary), 22111221 (Boulder).

The background x-ray flux is at the class B2 level.

At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 9 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 129) and 7 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 90) SDO images on the visible solar disk.

Region 12073 [S13W62] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 12075 [S08W28] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 12076 [S19W59] decayed and could soon become spotless.
Region 12077 [S04E60] developed slowly and quietly.

Spotted regions not numbered (or interpreted differently) by SWPC:
S3477 [N16W18] was quiet and stable.
S3483 [S12E07] was quiet and stable.
S3490 [S17E29] developed further and was quiet.
New region S3491 [N12E80] rotated into view.
New region S3492 [N12E58] emerged with a penumbra spot.

C2+ Flares (SDO/EVE):

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

May 29-31: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in LASCO and STEREO imagery.

Coronal holes

Coronal hole history (since October 2002)
Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago: 28 days ago 27 days ago 26 days ago

A coronal hole (CH620) in the southern hemisphere was in an Earth facing position on May 31 - June 1.

Propagation

Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle latitudes is fair. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.

Forecast

The geomagnetic field is expected to be mostly quiet on June 1-2. On June 3-4 quiet to unsettled conditions are possible due to effects from CH620.

1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.

Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.

Active solar regions

(Click on image for 2K resolution) Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image

When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.

Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.

Active region	Date numbered detected	Spot count			Location at midnight	Area	Classification		SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlay		Comment
		SWPC	Magnetic (SDO)				SWPC	STAR	Current	Previous
			2K	1K
12071	2014.05.19				S10W89						plage
12073	2014.05.20 2014.05.21	4	2	2	S12W66	0010	BXO	HRX			location: S13W62
12075	2014.05.23	7	6	1	S10W28	0020	CAO	CRO			location: S08W28
S3467	2014.05.24				S20W44						plage
12076	2014.05.27 2014.05.28	1	1		S20W59	0010	AXX	AXX			area: 0002
S3474	2014.05.27				N08W26						plage
S3477	2014.05.28		2	2	N16W18	0007		AXX
S3481	2014.05.29				N07W41						plage
S3483	2014.05.29		1	1	S12E07	0004		AXX
S3484	2014.05.29				S13E16						plage
12077	2014.05.30	4	12	5	S05E57	0090	CAO	DAO			location: S04E60 area: 0150
S3490	2014.05.30		12	7	S17E29	0060		DRI
S3491	2014.05.31		2	2	N12E80	0270		HKX
S3492	2014.05.31		1		N12E58	0001		AXX
Total spot count:		16	39	20
Sunspot number:		56	129	90	(total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions)
Weighted SN:		26	63	44	(Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10)
Relative sunspot number (Wolf number):		34	45	49	k * (sunspot number). k = 0.6 for SWPC, k = 0.35 for MSN 2K, k = 0.55 for MSN 1K (MSN=Magnetic Sunspot Number)

Monthly solar cycle data

1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days). The official WDC-SILSO international sunspot number is typically 30-50% lower. 2B) Boulder SN current month average to date. 2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red are based on the definitive international GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.

This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to the UTC day. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.

SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.