The geomagnetic field was quiet to active on September 12 under the influence of a high speed coronal hole stream. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 502 and 675 km/s. The interplanetary magnetic field was mostly weakly northwards after noon causing a decrease in disturbance levels.
Solar flux at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 99.1 (increasing 13.5 over the last solar rotation). The 90 day 10.7 flux at 1 AU was 108.9. The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 13 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 13.0). Three hour interval K indices: 33433211 (planetary), 33542211 (Boulder).
The background x-ray flux is at the class B2 level.
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 8 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 139) and 7 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 102) SDO images on the visible solar disk.
Region 12411 [N14W40] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 12412 [S07W20] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 12414 [S10W33] extended longitudinally and matured with no
increase in penumbral area and some decrease in umbral area. There is still
weak polarity intermixing, however, the region was quiet and in general has a
simple magnetic layout.
Region 12415 [S21E53] developed slowly and has weak polarity
intermixing.
Region 12416 [S12W49] decayed slowly and quietly.
New region 12417 [N24W47] emerged on September 7
and was noticed by SWPC 5 days later as the region was decaying.
Spotted regions not numbered (or interpreted differently) by SWPC:
S4744 [N07E02] reemerged with penumbra spots.
New region S4754 [S14E86] rotated partly into view with a large spot.
C2+ flares:
| Magnitude | Peak time (UTC) | Location | AR | Recorded by | Comment |
September 10-12: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in available LASCO imagery.
[Coronal hole
history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A large northern hemisphere coronal hole (CH689) will be in an Earth facing position on September 9-14.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled on September 13-17 due to effects from CH689, active intervals are possible on September 14 when the southernmost extension becomes geoeffective. A recurrent trans equatorial coronal hole (CH690) will likely rotate into an Earth facing position on September 16-17, CH690 could become another extension of CH689.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the
next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48
hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution)
Compare to the previous day's image.
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.
| Active region | Date numbered detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC | Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 12411 | 2015.09.03 2015.09.04 |
1 | 2 | 1 | N14W41 | 0010 | HSX | HRX |
 |
 |
|
| 12412 | 2015.09.05 2015.09.06 |
4 | 10 | 5 | S07W22 | 0020 | BXO | BXO |
 |
 |
|
| S4743 | 2015.09.07 | N21W17 |
 |
||||||||
| S4744 | 2015.09.07 | 2 | 1 | N07E02 | 0004 | AXX |
 |
||||
| 12417 | 2015.09.07 2015.09.12 |
1 | 2 | 1 | N23W48 | 0010 | HRX | AXX |
 |
 |
|
| 12414 | 2015.09.08 2015.09.09 |
12 | 20 | 10 | S11W34 | 0180 | DAI | EHI |
 |
 |
beta-gamma area: 0430 |
| 12415 | 2015.09.10 2015.09.11 |
7 | 20 | 13 | S21E53 | 0130 | DAI | DAI |
 |
 |
beta-gamma area: 0270 |
| 12416 | 2015.09.10 2015.09.11 |
2 | 2 | S14W50 | 0010 | BXO | BXO |
 |
 |
area: 0003 | |
| S4750 | 2015.09.10 | N05W54 | |||||||||
| S4752 | 2015.09.11 | S00E37 |
 |
||||||||
| S4754 | 2015.09.12 | 1 | 1 | S14E86 | 0270 | HHX |
 |
||||
| Total spot count: | 27 | 59 | 32 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 87 | 139 | 102 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 45 | 82 | 55 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 96 | 76 | 87 | k * (sunspot number) As of July 1, 2015: k = 1.1 for SWPC, k = 0.55 for MSN 2K, k = 0.85 for MSN 1K (MSN=Magnetic Sunspot Number) |
|||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) (4) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average
ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (cycle peak) | 110.5 (+1.2) | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (+2.1) (solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2014.05 | 129.7 | 132.9 | 112.5 | 115.0 (-1.4) | 5.75 |
| 2014.06 | 122.0 | 125.8 | 102.9 | 114.1 (-0.9) | 6.72 |
| 2014.07 | 137.4 | 141.8 | 100.2 | 112.6 (-1.5) | 4.50 |
| 2014.08 | 124.7 | 127.9 | 106.9 | 108.3 (-4.3) | 7.71 |
| 2014.09 | 146.6 | 148.1 | 130.0 | 101.9 (-6.4) | 9.78 |
| 2014.10 | 153.4 | 152.9 | 90.0 | 97.4 (-4.5) | 8.96 |
| 2014.11 | 154.8 | 151.4 | 103.6 | 95.0 (-2.4) | 9.33 |
| 2014.12 | 158.7 | 153.8 | 112.9 | 92.6 (-2.4) | 11.24 |
| 2015.01 | 141.9 | 137.3 | 93.0 | 89.8 (-2.8) | 9.46 |
| 2015.02 | 129.1 | 126.0 | 66.7 | 86.6 (-3.2) | 9.92 |
| 2015.03 | 125.9 | 124.6 | 54.5 | (82.1 projected, -4.5) | 16.14 |
| 2015.04 | 128.8 | 129.7 | 78.0 | (78.0 projected, -4.1) | 10.73 |
| 2015.05 | 120.0 | 122.6 | 90.0 | (75.3 projected, -2.7) | 8.29 |
| 2015.06 | 122.3 | 126.1 | 68.3 | (71.6 projected, -3.7) | 13.15 |
| 2015.07 | 107.0 | 110.8 | 66.4 | (67.9 projected, -3.7) | 8.83 |
| 2015.08 | 105.4 | 108.0 | 64.6 | (66.7 projected, -1.2) | 13.8 |
| 2015.09 | (87.5) | 18.5 (2A) / 46.3 (2B) / 64.6 (2C) | (67.0 projected, +0.3) | (21.4) | |
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at
2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder
(NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B)
Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day
average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap
indices. Values in red are based on the definitive
international
GFZ Potsdam
WDC
ap indices.
4) Updated to new data set from WDC-SILSO on July 1, 2015
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
