Solar Terrestrial Activity Report

Activity chart

Last major update issued on October 1, 2017 at 10:10 UT.

Charts (* = updated daily) Data and archive
  Solar wind (*) Solar and geomagnetic data - last month (*)
  Electron fluence (*) Archived daily reports and monthly data since 2003.01 (September 9, 2017)
Solar cycle Solar cycles 23-24 (September 1, 2017) Historical solar and geomagnetic data charts 1954-2006 (April 5, 2007)
  Cycle 24 progress (September 1, 2017) / Cycle 25 spots (new) Noon SDO sunspot count 1K / 4K (*)
  Solar cycles 1-24 (July 17, 2015) POES auroral activity level October 2009 - December 2012]
  Comparison of cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24 (September 1, 2017) 3rd SSN Workshop, Tucson, 2013
  Comparison of cycles 12, 13, 14, 16 and 24 (September 1, 2017) 4th SSN Workshop, Locarno, 2014
  Solar polar fields vs. solar cycles (September 24, 2017)  

Recent activity

The geomagnetic field was quiet to active on September 30 under the influence of a high speed stream from CH826. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 447 and 558 km/s.

Solar flux at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 89.4 (decreasing 30.8 over the previous solar rotation). The average 90 day 10.7 flux at 1 AU was 84.3. The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 14 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 13.6). Three hour interval K indices: 23323423 (planetary), 23333323 (Boulder)

The background x-ray flux is at the class A8 level.

At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 3 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 48) and in 3 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 37) SDO images on the visible solar disk.

Region 12681 [S13W60] was quiet and stable.
Region 12682 [S10W07] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 12683 [N12E08] was quiet and stable.

C2+ flares:

Magnitude Peak time (UT) Location AR Recorded by Comment
           

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

September 28-30: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in available LASCO imagery.

Coronal holes

[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago: 28 days ago 27 days ago 26 days ago]

A recurrent trans equatorial coronal hole (CH826) rotated across the central meridian on September 23-26. A recurrent southern hemisphere coronal hole (CH827) will be in an Earth facing position on October 1-3.

Propagation

Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor to fair.

Forecast

The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled on October 1 due to lingering effects from CH826. Quiet conditions are likely on October 2-3. Quiet to unsettled conditions with a chance of active intervals is likely on October 4-6 due to effects from CH827.

Coronal holes (1) Coronal mass ejection (2) M and X class flares (3)
     

1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.

Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.

Active solar regions


(Click on image for 2K resolution). 4K resolution. Compare to the previous day's image.
0.5K image

When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.

Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.

Active region Date numbered
detected
Spot count Location at midnight Area Classification SDO / HMI 4K continuum
image with magnetic polarity overlays
Comment
SWPC Magnetic
(SDO)
SWPC STAR Current Previous
2K 1K
12681 2017.09.19
2017.09.20
1 1 1 S14W61 0060 HSX HSX  
S5809 2017.09.21       N05W38            
12682 2017.09.23
2017.09.24
5 11 4 S11W05 0110 CSO CSO location: S10W07
S5812 2017.09.24       N04W35            
12683 2017.09.24
2017.09.25
2 6 2 N13E08 0270 HKX HKX area: 0350
S5815 2017.09.25       N17W01            
S5817 2017.09.29       N16E31          
Total spot count: 8 18 7  
Sunspot number: 38 48 37  (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions)
Weighted SN: 28 38 27  (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10)
Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): 42 26 30 k * (sunspot number)
As of May 7, 2016: k = 1.1 for SWPC, k = 0.55 for MSN 2K, k = 0.80 for MSN 1K (MSN=Magnetic Sunspot Number)

Monthly solar cycle data

Month Average solar flux International sunspot number
(WDC-SILSO) (4)
Smoothed sunspot number (4) Average ap
(3)
Measured 1 AU
2014.02 170.3
(cycle peak)
166.3 146.1 (cycle peak) 110.5 (+1.2) 10.70
2014.04 143.9 144.8 112.5 116.4 (+2.1) (solar max) 7.88
2016.04 93.3 94.0 38.0 47.8 (-2.7) 9.03
2016.05 93.0 95.3 52.1 44.9 (-2.9) 11.65
2016.06 81.9 84.5 20.9 41.6 (-3.3) 8.44
2016.07 86.0 88.9 32.5 38.6 (-3.0) 9.43
2016.08 85.0 87.1 50.7 36.0 (-2.6) 9.61
2016.09 87.7 88.7 44.7 33.3 (-2.7) 14.54
2016.10 86.1 85.6 33.6 31.4 (-1.9) 15.33
2016.11 78.6 76.9 21.4 29.9 (-1.5) 9.11
2016.12 75.1 72.8 18.9 28.5 (-1.4) 9.34
2017.01 77.3 74.9 25.8 27.9 (-0.6) 9.45
2017.02 76.8 75.0 26.1 26.6 (-1.3) 9.58
2017.03 74.6 73.9 17.7 (25.0 projected, -1.6) 14.20
2017.04 80.3 80.8 32.6 (23.4 projected, -1.6) 11.70
2017.05 73.6 75.2 18.8 (22.3 projected, -1.1) 8.09
2017.06 74.7 77.1 19.4 (21.3 projected, -1.0) 6.08
2017.07 77.4 79.9 18.3 (20.2 projected, -1.1) 8.97
2017.08 77.9 79.8 33.1 (18.7 projected, -1.5) 10.66
2017.09 (91.6)   42.3 (2A/2B) / 46.4 (2C) (17.5 projected, -1.2) (17.5)

1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red are based on the definitive international GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Updated to new data set from WDC-SILSO on July 1, 2015

This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.

SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.