The geomagnetic field was quiet to active on April 30 under the influence of a high speed stream from CH1076. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to severe storm levels.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 120 - decreasing 20.2 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 94.66). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 15 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 15.4). Three hour interval K indices: 44332322 (planetary), 45423422 (Boulder), 67333425 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C1 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 10 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 163) and in 6 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 81) SDO/HMI images.
Region 12995 [N15W78] was quiet and stable.
Region 12997 [N12W33] was mostly quiet and stable. C1 flares: C1.9 @
04:15 UT (the location of this flare is uncertain as there was simultaneous
activity in AR 12994)
Region 12998 [S19W13] was quiet and stable. Note that SWPC has
assigned a new number (12999) to the region due to the faulty initial
location of AR 12998. For data consistency the original number is used in
this report.
Region 13001 [S32E24] was quiet and stable.
Region 13003 [S23E39] decayed slowly and quietly.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC:
S7518 [S11E06] was quiet and stable.
S7525 [N31E27] decayed slowly and quietly.
S7526 [S17E08] was quiet and stable.
S7529 [S16E39] decayed slowly and quietly.
New region S7534 [N18E18] was observed with tiny spots in an old
plage area.
AR 12994 was very active behind the northwest limb producing 4 M and 1 X class flares.
C2+ flares:
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C5.2 | 01:29 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| M2.6 | 05:01 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| M1.4 | 05:34 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| C4.6 | 07:34 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| C6.6 | 07:52 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| C6.0 | 08:44 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| C5.0 | 09:09 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| M4.8 | 09:58 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | weak type II radio sweep |
| C2.3 | 10:58 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| C5.4 | 11:24 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | wrongly attributed to AR 12997 by SWPC |
| C5.7 | 11:41 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| C3.6 | 12:30 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| X1.1 | 13:47 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | moderate type II radio sweep |
| C3.6 | 15:20 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| C3.2 | 17:38 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| C4.0 | 18:25 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| C3.9 | 19:06 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| M1.9 | 19:47 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| C2.5 | 20:19 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 | |
| C2.9 | 21:59 | behind NW limb | 12994 | GOES16 |
April 28, 30: No obviously Earth directed CMEs
were observed in available LASCO imagery.
April 29: A fast CME was observed off the northwest limb after the
M1.2 flare in AR 12996 at 07:30 UT. Faint and slower components of the CME
was observed around most of the visible disk and there is a chance of a weak
impact on May 2.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A recurrent southern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1076) was Earth facing on April 26-27.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
Quiet to unsettled conditions are likely on May 1 due to effects from CH1076. There is a minor chance of weak CME related disturbances both on May 1 and 2. Mostly quiet conditions are likely on May 2-3 in the absence of CMEs.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 12995 | 2022.04.18 2022.04.19 |
1 | 3 | 2 | N15W79 | 0130 | HSX | HHX |
 |
 |
area: 0280 |
| 12996 | 2022.04.19 2022.04.20 |
N25W67 | location: N25W59 | ||||||||
| S7510 | 2022.04.21 | N24W39 | |||||||||
| 12997 | 2022.04.22 2022.04.23 |
3 | 15 | 6 | N12W32 | 0010 | BXO | BXO |
 |
 |
location: N12W33 area: 0030 |
| 12998 | 2022.04.23 2022.04.23 |
23 | 6 | S19W85 | 0170 | DSO |
 |
 |
SWPC location way off location: S19W13 |
||
| 12999 | 2022.04.25 | 5 | S21W13 | 0130 | CSO | SWPC renumber of AR 12998 | |||||
| S7518 | 2022.04.25 | 4 | 3 | S11E06 | 0010 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| 13000 | 2022.04.25 2022.04.26 |
S17E18 |
 |
location: S17E19 | |||||||
| 13001 | 2022.04.25 2022.04.26 |
1 | 6 | 3 | S32E22 | 0120 | HSX | CSO |
 |
 |
location: S32E24 |
| S7521 | 2022.04.25 | S28W31 |
 |
||||||||
| 13002 | 2022.04.26 2022.04.28 |
N13W02 | |||||||||
| S7525 | 2022.04.26 | 2 | N31E27 | 0002 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| S7526 | 2022.04.26 | 2 | S17E08 | 0005 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| S7527 | 2022.04.26 | N25W05 | |||||||||
| S7529 | 2022.04.27 | 2 | S16E39 | 0002 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| S7530 | 2022.04.27 | S13W27 | |||||||||
| 13003 | 2022.04.28 2022.04.29 |
2 | 1 | S23E36 | 0004 | BXO |
 |
 |
location: S23E39 |
||
| S7533 | 2022.04.28 | S35W35 | |||||||||
| S7534 | 2022.04.30 | 4 | N18E18 | 0009 | BXO |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 10 | 63 | 21 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 50 | 163 | 81 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 25 | 83 | 41 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 55 | 90 | 65 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (cycle peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2020.08 | 71.6 | 73.4 | 7.5 | 9.5 (+0.5) | 5.68 |
| 2020.09 | 70.7 | 71.4 | 0.7 | 10.5 (+1.0) | 8.59 |
| 2020.10 | 74.6 | 74.2 | 14.6 | 11.9 (+1.4) | 6.13 |
| 2020.11 | 89.9 | 88.0 | 34.5 | 13.6 (+1.7) | 4.77 |
| 2020.12 | 86.9 | 84.2 | 23.1 | 15.3 (+1.7) | 4.72 |
| 2021.01 | 76.0 | 73.6 | 10.4 | 17.3 (+2.0) | 4.39 |
| 2021.02 | 74.3 | 72.4 | 8.2 | 19.0 (+1.7) | 9.50 |
| 2021.03 | 76.0 | 75.2 | 17.2 | 21.7 (+2.7) | 10.17 |
| 2021.04 | 75.9 | 76.4 | 24.5 | 24.8 (+3.1) | 8.40 |
| 2021.05 | 75.3 | 77.1 | 21.2 | 25.8 (+1.0) | 6.50 |
| 2021.06 | 79.4 | 81.8 | 25.0 | 27.6 (+1.8) | 5.52 |
| 2021.07 | 81.0 | 83.6 | 34.3 | 31.3 (+3.7) | 5.51 |
| 2021.08 | 77.7 | 79.7 | 22.0 | 35.3 (+4.0) | 6.19 |
| 2021.09 | 87.0 | 88.2 | 51.3 | 40.0 (+4.7) | 6.33 |
| 2021.10 | 88.9 | 88.3 | 37.4 | 45.0 (+5.0) | 7.38 |
| 2021.11 | 86.2 | 84.4 | 34.8 | (50.0 projected, +5.0) | 9.83 |
| 2021.12 | 103.0 | 99.8 | 67.5 | (55.8 projected, +5.8) | 6.40 |
| 2022.01 | 103.8 | 100.5 | 54.0 | (60.3 projected, +4.5) | 8.92 |
| 2022.02 | 109.1 | 106.5 | 59.7 | (65.2 projected, +4.9) | 10.46 |
| 2022.03 | 117.0 | 115.8 | 78.5 | (70.7 projected, +5.5) | 10.20 |
| 2022.04 | 130.8 | 131.7 | 84.1 | (75.9 projected, +5.2) | 12.0 |
| 2022.05 | (1) | (2A/2B) / 91.1 (2C) | (82.3 projected, +6.4) | () | |
| 2022.06 | (88.2 projected, +5.9) | ||||
| 2022.07 | (95.4 projected, +7.2) | ||||
| 2022.08 | (102.1 projected, +6.7) | ||||
| 2022.09 | (107.1 projected, +5.0) | ||||
| 2022.10 | (110.3 projected, +3.2) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: SIDC-SILSO.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
