Solar Terrestrial Activity Report

Activity chart

Last major update issued on June 21, 2022 at 08:15 UT.

Charts (* = updated daily) Data and archive
  Solar wind (*) Solar and geomagnetic data - last month (*)
  Electron fluence (*) Archived daily reports and monthly data since 2003.01 (June 1, 2022)
Solar cycle Solar cycles 23-25 (June 1, 2022) Historical solar and geomagnetic data charts 1954-2006 (April 5, 2007)
  Cycle 24-25 progress (June 1, 2022) Noon SDO sunspot count 1K image / 4K (*)
  Solar cycles 1-24 (June 1, 2020) POES auroral activity level October 2009 - December 2012]
  Comparison of cycles 21-25 (June 1, 2022) 3rd SSN Workshop, Tucson, 2013
  Comparison of cycles 12-14, 16, 24-25 (June 1, 2022) 4th SSN Workshop, Locarno, 2014
  Solar polar fields vs. solar cycles (April 10, 2022) Cycle 25 spots (final update December 25, 2019)
  Solar cycles 24-25 transition using 365d smoothing Research: Solar Cycle 25 Started on November 17, 2019 with 365 Days Smoothing

Recent activity

The geomagnetic field was quiet to unsettled on June 20 under the influence of a high speed stream.The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to major storm levels.

Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 136.5 - decreasing 10.4 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 102.14). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 10 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 9.5). Three hour interval K indices: 11223331 (planetary), 33443321 (Boulder), 31235643 (Andenes).

The background x-ray flux is at the class C1 level (GOES 16).

At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 12 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 254) and in 10 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 153) SDO/HMI images.

Region 13030 [N18W70] decayed slowly producing several C flares. C1 flares: C1.7 @ 21:39 UT
Region 13032 [N20W60] was quiet and stable.
Region 13033 [N20W32] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13034 [N00W25] was quiet and stable with the main umbra splitting into 2 umbrae. This is likely an SC24 group.
Region 13035 [S18W25] was quiet and stable.
Region 13038 [N15W05] gained area and lost the magnetic delta. While only C class flaring was recorded, a major flare is possible. C1 flares: C1.6 @ 08:01, C1.4 @ 09:08, C1.3 @ 12:18 UT

Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted differently) by SWPC:
S7642 [N12E07] decayed slowly and quietly.
S7646 [N28E25] was quiet and stable.
New region S7651 [N27E60] emerged with tiny spots.
New region S7652 [S09E16] emerged with tiny spots.
New region S7653 [S25E62] emerged with tiny spots.
New region S7654 [S12E84] rotated partly into view with a mature spot.

AR 13031 produced a C1.9 flare at 11:23 UT.

C2+ flares:

Magnitude Peak time (UT) Location Source Recorded by Comment
C2.1 01:09   13038 GOES16  
C5.0 01:16 N20W55 13030 GOES16  
C3.0 02:21   13038 GOES16  
C2.4 03:54   13038 GOES16  
C2.0 05:06 N17W63 13030 GOES16  
C2.0 06:00   13038 GOES16  
C5.7 06:18   13038 GOES16  
C2.4 07:16   13031 GOES16  
C2.3 11:32   13038 GOES16  
C3.3 15:17 N17W06 13038 GOES16  
C4.4 15:26 N20W72 13030 GOES16  
C4.5 16:10 N22W74 13030 GOES16  
C2.1 19:47   13038 GOES16  
C2.1 22:05   13031 GOES16 wrongly attributed to AR 13034 by SWPC
C2.1 23:55   13030 GOES16 wrongly attributed to AR 13034 by SWPC

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

June 18-20: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in available LASCO imagery.

Coronal holes

[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago: 28 days ago 27 days ago 26 days ago]

A northern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1083) will be in an Earth facing position on June 21-22, but may be too far to the north to cause a disturbance. A southern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1084) will likely rotate across the central meridian on June 22-23.

Propagation

Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor to fair.

Forecast

Quiet conditions are likely on June 20-22.

Coronal holes (1) Coronal mass ejection (2) M and X class flares (3)
     

1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.

Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.

Active solar regions


(Click on image for 2K resolution). 4K resolution. Compare to the previous day's image.
0.5K image

When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.

Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.

Active region SWPC date numbered
STAR detected
Spot count Location at midnight Area Classification SDO / HMI 4K continuum
image with magnetic polarity overlays
Comment
SWPC/
USAF
Magnetic
(SDO)
SWPC STAR Current Previous
2K 1K
13030 2022.06.09
2022.06.10
17 11 6 N18W72 0230 DAI EAO

area: 0210

location: N18W70

13032 2022.06.09
2022.06.12
1 4 1 N20W62 0140 HSX CSO area: 0130

location: N20W60

13031 2022.06.10
2022.06.11
4     S26W86 0030 CAO    

rotated out of view

13033 2022.06.11
2022.06.12
  12   N16W42 0020   BXO location: N20W32
13034 2022.06.12
2022.06.13
1 5 2 N01W26 0100 HSX CSO

location: N00W25

likely SC24 group

13035 2022.06.12
2022.06.13
5 23 9 S18W26 0020 BXO BXI area: 0035
S7640 2022.06.13       N22W48            
S7641 2022.06.13       S19W59            
S7642 2022.06.14   6   N12E07 0008   BXO  
13038 2022.06.15
2022.06.16
24 58 29 N15W07 0280 DKI EKI

beta-gamma

area: 0820

location: N15W05

S7646 2022.06.15   3 2 N28E25 0008   BXO  
S7647 2022.06.16       S13W45            
S7648 2022.06.17       S33W50            
S7649 2022.06.18       N21W08            
S7650 2022.06.19       N06E11          
S7651 2022.06.20   2   N27E60 0002   AXX    
S7652 2022.06.20   4 1 S09E16 0008   BXO    
S7653 2022.06.20   5 2 S25E62 0010   BXO    
S7654 2022.06.20   1 1 S12E84 0160   HSX    
Total spot count: 52 134 53  
Sunspot number: 112 254 153  (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions)
Weighted SN: 82 164 83  (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10)
Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): 123 140 122  

Monthly solar cycle data

Month Average solar flux International sunspot number
(WDC-SILSO)
Smoothed sunspot number (4) Average ap
(3)
Measured 1 AU
2014.02 170.3
(cycle peak)
166.3 146.1 (SC24 peak) 110.5 10.70
2014.04 143.9 144.8 112.5 116.4 (solar max) 7.88
2017.09 91.3 92.3 43.6 18.2 (-1.3) 18.22
(cycle peak)
2019.11 70.2 68.7 0.5 2.0 (-0.6)
(Solar minimum using 365d smoothing:
November 17, 2019)
4.19
2019.12 70.8 68.6 1.6 1.8 (-0.2)
(ISN 13 months smoothed
solar minimum)
3.22
2020.12 86.9 84.2 23.1 15.3 (+1.7) 4.72
2021.01 76.0 73.6 10.4 17.3 (+2.0) 4.39
2021.02 74.3 72.4 8.2 19.0 (+1.7) 9.50
2021.03 76.0 75.2 17.2 21.7 (+2.7) 10.17
2021.04 75.9 76.4 24.5 24.8 (+3.1) 8.40
2021.05 75.3 77.1 21.2 25.8 (+1.0) 6.50
2021.06 79.4 81.8 25.0 27.6 (+1.8) 5.52
2021.07 81.0 83.6 34.3 31.3 (+3.7) 5.51
2021.08 77.7 79.7 22.0 35.3 (+4.0) 6.19
2021.09 87.0 88.2 51.3 40.0 (+4.7) 6.33
2021.10 88.9 88.3 37.4 45.0 (+5.0) 7.38
2021.11 86.2 84.4 34.8 50.6 (+5.6) 9.83
2021.12 103.0 99.8 67.5 (55.7 projected, +5.1) 6.40
2022.01 103.8 100.5 54.0 (60.4 projected, +4.7) 8.92
2022.02 109.1 106.5 59.7 (66.9 projected, +6.5) 10.46
2022.03 117.0 115.8 78.5 (72.4 projected, +5.5) 10.20
2022.04 130.8 131.7 84.1 (77.6 projected, +5.2) 11.79
2022.05 133.8 136.8 96.5 (84.1 projected, +6.5) 7.48
2022.06 119.2 (1)   52.6 (2A) / 78.9 (2B) / 98.3 (2C) (89.9 projected, +5.8) (8.4)
2022.07       (97.2 projected, +7.3)  
2022.08       (103.8 projected, +6.6)  
2022.09       (108.8 projected, +5.0)  
2022.10       (112.0 projected, +3.2)  
2022.11       (114.8 projected, +2.8)  

1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red are based on the definitive international GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: SIDC-SILSO.

Solar cycles 24-25

Smoothed SF and sunspot numbers

 

This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.

SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.