Last major update issued on December 30, 2013 at 05:35 UTC.
[Solar and geomagnetic data - last month (updated
daily)]
[Solar wind and
electron fluence charts (updated
daily)]
[Solar cycles 23-24 (last update December 1, 2013)] [Cycle
24 progress (last update December 1, 2013) ]
[Solar cycles 1-20]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24 (last
update December 1, 2013)]
[Graphical comparison of cycles 10, 12, 13, 14, 16 and
24 (last update December 1, 2013)]
[Historical solar and geomagnetic data charts 1954-2006
(last update April 5, 2007)]
[Archived reports since January 2003 (last update
December 1, 2013)]
[POES auroral activity level since October
2009 - updated January 26, 2013]
[Solar polar fields vs solar cycles - updated
December 16, 2013]
[Presentation
3rd
SSN Workshop, Tucson, 2013 (pdf)]
The geomagnetic field was quiet on December 29. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 336 and 425 km/s.
Solar flux measured at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 137.0 (increasing 3.3 over the last solar rotation). The 90 day 10.7 flux at 1 AU was 139.8. The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 5 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 4.6). Three hour interval K indices: 11121211 (planetary), 11020111 (Boulder).
The background x-ray flux was at the class B8 level.
At the time of counting spots (see image time) spots were observed in 14 active regions in 2K resolution (SN: 262) and 10 active regions in 1K resolution (SN: 173) SDO images on the visible solar disk.
Region 11931 [S14W70] was quiet and stable.
Region 11936 [S17W09] gained penumbral area
and became slightly more complex as the central magnetic delta structure
enlargened. M class flares are possible.
C5+ flare: M3.1/1N at 07:56, C5.1 at 14:46, C5.4 at
19:30 UTC
Region 11937 [S12E18] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 11938 [S12E37] was quiet and stable.
New region 11939 [S07W69] was first observed with spots on December 23,
then became spotless and reemerged with spots on December 28 and received its
NOAA number on Dec.29. The region decayed on December 29.
Spotted regions not numbered (or interpreted differently) by SWPC:
S2948 [S30W12] was quiet and stable.
S2953 [S21W32] reemerged with a penumbra spot.
S2958 [S17W53] decayed and has a fairly simple
magnetic layout. Although no significant activity was observed on Dec.29, C and
minor M class flaring is possible. SWPC has this as AR 11934.
S2959 [N18E39] decayed slowly and quietly.
S2961 [S15E07] was quiet and stable.
New region S2965 [S27E36] emerged with a penumbra spot.
New region S2966 [S13E62] emerged with two spots.
New region S2967 [S35E16] emerged with a penumbra spot.
New region S2968 [N23W07] emerged with a penumbra spot.
A filament eruption was observed beginning at 06:39 UTC to the south of AR 11938. The associated CME does not appear to have Earth directed extensions.
December 27-29: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in LASCO and STEREO imagery.
Coronal hole history (since October
2002)
Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago
A recurrent trans equatorial coronal hole (CH598) will rotate into an Earth facing position on December 29-31.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle latitudes is fair (poor over high latitudes due to a proton event). Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet on December 30-31 and quiet to active on January 1-3 due to effects from CH598.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the
next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to
green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48
hours.
Green: 0-20% probability, Yellow: 20-60% probability, Red: 60-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution) Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.
| Active region | Date numbered detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlay |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC | STAR SDO | SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 11931 | 2013.12.18 | 1 | 1 | 1 | S14W73 | 0110 | HSX | HHX |
 |
 |
area: 0260 location: S14W70 |
| 11934 | 2013.12.20 | 17 | S18W53 | 0160 | ESC | see AR S2958 | |||||
| 11936 | 2013.12.22 2013.12.23 |
30 | 61 | 38 | S17W08 | 0170 | EAC | EAC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta area: 0400 |
| 11935 | 2013.12.22 2013.12.23 |
S06W38 | plage | ||||||||
| S2941 | 2013.12.22 | N14W39 | plage | ||||||||
| S2943 | 2013.12.22 | N05W53 | plage | ||||||||
| 11939 | 2013.12.23 2013.12.29 |
5 | 4 | 3 | S06W69 | 0010 | BXO | CRO |
 |
 |
|
| S2945 | 2013.12.23 | N29W55 | plage | ||||||||
| S2947 | 2013.12.24 | S21E12 | plage | ||||||||
| S2948 | 2013.12.24 | 1 | S30W12 | 0002 | AXX |
 |
 |
||||
| S2949 | 2013.12.24 | N07E11 | plage | ||||||||
| S2950 | 2013.12.24 | N13W22 | plage | ||||||||
| 11937 | 2013.12.25 2013.12.26 |
3 | 11 | 4 | S12E19 | 0010 | BXO | BXO |
 |
 |
area: 0025 |
| S2953 | 2013.12.25 | 1 | S21W32 |
 |
|||||||
| S2954 | 2013.12.25 | N20W43 | plage | ||||||||
| 11938 | 2013.12.26 2013.12.27 |
3 | 6 | 4 | S13E37 | 0060 | CAO | CAO |
 |
 |
area: 0100 |
| S2956 | 2013.12.26 | N10W19 | plage | ||||||||
| S2957 | 2013.12.27 | S09W49 | plage | ||||||||
| S2958 | 2013.12.27 | 28 | 16 | S17W53 | 0380 | ESC |
 |
 |
|||
| S2959 | 2013.12.27 | 2 | 2 | N18E39 | 0010 | AXX |
 |
 |
|||
| S2960 | 2013.12.27 | S12W19 | plage | ||||||||
| S2961 | 2013.12.28 | 2 | 2 | S15E07 | 0010 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S2962 | 2013.12.28 | S02W59 |
 |
||||||||
| S2965 | 2013.12.29 | 1 | 1 | S27E36 | 0007 | AXX |
 |
||||
| S2966 | 2013.12.29 | 2 | 2 | S13E62 | 0012 | CRO |
 |
||||
| S2967 | 2013.12.29 | 1 | S35E16 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| S2968 | 2013.12.29 | 1 | N23W07 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 59 | 122 | 73 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 119 | 262 | 173 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 79 | 153 | 114 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 71 | 92 | 95 | k * (sunspot number). k = 0.6 for SWPC, k = 0.35 for STAR SDO 2K, k = 0.55 for STAR SDO 1K | |||||||
| Month | Average measured solar flux | International sunspot number (SIDC) | Smoothed sunspot number | Average ap (3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011.11 | 153.5 (cycle peak) | 96.7 (cycle peak) | 61.1 (+1.2) | 5.55 |
| 2012.02 | 106.5 | 32.9 | 66.9 (+1.4) possible cycle 24 max |
8.81 |
| 2012.09 | 122.9 | 61.4 | 58.1 (-0.1) | 8.07 |
| 2012.10 | 123.3 | 53.3 | 58.6 (+0.5) | 9.97 |
| 2012.11 | 121.3 | 61.8 | 59.7 (+1.1) | 7.08 |
| 2012.12 | 108.6 | 40.8 | 59.6 (-0.1) | 3.44 |
| 2013.01 | 127.1 | 62.9 | 58.7 (-0.9) | 4.69 |
| 2013.02 | 104.3 | 38.0 | 58.4 (-0.3) | 6.11 |
| 2013.03 | 111.3 | 57.9 | 57.5 (-0.9) | 10.56 |
| 2013.04 | 124.8 | 72.4 | 57.9 (+0.4) | 5.40 |
| 2013.05 | 131.4 | 78.7 | 59.9 (+2.0) | 9.73 |
| 2013.06 | 110.1 | 52.5 | (62.2 projected, +2.3) | 12.60 |
| 2013.07 | 115.5 | 57.0 | (63.9 projected, +1.7) | 9.47 |
| 2013.08 | 114.6 | 66.0 | (64.8 projected, +0.9) | 8.27 |
| 2013.09 | 102.6 | 36.9 | (65.6 projected, +0.8) | 5.23 |
| 2013.10 | 132.1 | 85.6 | (64.9 projected, -0.7) | 7.71 |
| 2013.11 | 148.3 | 77.6 | (63.0 projected, -1.9) | 5.68 |
| 2013.12 | 147.9 (1) | 110.9 (2A) / 118.6 (2B) / 92.2 (2C) | (61.7 projected, -1.3) | (4.6) |
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at
2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder
(NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days). The
official SIDC international sunspot number is typically 30-50% lower. 2B)
Boulder SN current month
average to date. 2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices.
Values in red are based on the definitive
international Potsdam
WDC
ap indices.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to the UTC day. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
