Solar Terrestrial Activity Report

Activity chart

Last major update issued on September 7, 2016 at 04:00 UT.

Charts (* = updated daily) Data and archive
  Solar wind (*) Solar and geomagnetic data - last month (*)
  Electron fluence (*) Archived daily reports and monthly data from 2003.01 (September 7, 2016)
Solar cycle Solar cycles 23-24 (September 3, 2016) Historical solar and geomagnetic data charts 1954-2006 (April 5, 2007)
  Cycle 24 progress (September 3, 2016) Noon SDO sunspot count 1K / 4K (*)
  Solar cycles 1-24 (July 17, 2015) POES auroral activity level October 2009 - December 2012
  Comparison of cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24 (September 3, 2016) 3rd SSN Workshop, Tucson, 2013
  Comparison of cycles 12, 13, 14, 16 and 24 (September 3, 2016) 4th SSN Workshop, Locarno, 2014
  Solar polar fields vs. solar cycles (August 27, 2016)  

Recent activity

The geomagnetic field was quiet to active on September 6 under the influence of high speed streams from CH758 and CH759. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 456 and 576 km/s on a slowly decreasing trend.

Solar flux at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 92.4 (decreasing 2.6 over the last solar rotation). The 90 day 10.7 flux at 1 AU was 87.9. The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 12 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 11.9). Three hour interval K indices: 23322242 (planetary), 34323232 (Boulder).

The background x-ray flux is at the class B1 level.

At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 7 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 116) and 6 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 87) SDO images on the visible solar disk.

Region 12585 [N08W08] was mostly quiet, minor polarity intermixing is present near the trailing spots.
New region 12588 [N12E09] first emerged with spots on September 4, became spotless the next day and then reemerged on September 6 and was numbered by SWPC. The region has polarity intermixing and could develop further.

Spotted regions not numbered (or interpreted differently) by SWPC:
S5426 [N25W41] was quiet and stable.
S5428 [N16E41] was unchanged and quiet.
New region S5429 [S00W01] emerged with tiny spots.
New region S5430 [N09W70] emerged and has potential for further development.
New region S5431 [N32W20] emerged with a tiny spot.

C2+ flares:

Magnitude Peak time (UT) Location AR Recorded by Comment
           

Flare activity (SDO/EVE/ESP XRS-B proxy)

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

September 4-6: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in available LASCO imagery.

Coronal holes

[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago: 28 days ago 27 days ago 26 days ago]

A recurrent northern hemisphere coronal hole (CH758) was in an Earth facing position on August 29 - September 2. A trans equatorial coronal hole (CH759) was Earth facing on August 31-September 2.

Propagation

Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is fair to good.

Forecast

The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet to unsettled on September 7. Quiet conditions are likely on September 8-9.

Coronal holes (1) Coronal mass ejection (2) M and X class flares (3)
     

1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.

Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.

Active solar regions


(Click on image for 2K resolution). 4K resolution. Compare to the previous day's image.
0.5K image

When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.

Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.

Active region Date numbered
detected
Spot count Location at midnight Area Classification SDO / HMI 4K continuum
image with magnetic polarity overlays
Comment
SWPC Magnetic
(SDO)
SWPC STAR Current Previous
2K 1K
12584 2016.08.29
2016.08.31
      S08W29          

 

12585 2016.08.30
2016.08.31
10 20 15 N07W11 0400 EKI ESO beta-gamma

area: 0600

location: N08W08

12587 2016.08.31
2016.09.04
      N10E01            
12586 2016.08.31
2016.09.01
      N07W76          

 

12588 2016.09.04
2016.09.06
2 16 8 N12E08 0010 BXO DRI   beta-gamma

area: 0040

S5426 2016.09.05   2 1 N24W41 0006   AXX  
S5427 2016.09.05       N07W17          
S5428 2016.09.05   1   N16E41 0002   AXX  
S5429 2016.09.06   2 1 S00W01 0006   AXX    
S5430 2016.09.06   4 1 N09W70 0015   CRO    
S5431 2016.09.06   1 1 N32W20 0003   AXX    
Total spot count: 12 46 27  
Sunspot number: 32 116 87  (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions)
Weighted SN: 22 57 38  (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10)
Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): 35 64 70 k * (sunspot number)
As of May 7, 2016: k = 1.1 for SWPC, k = 0.55 for MSN 2K, k = 0.80 for MSN 1K (MSN=Magnetic Sunspot Number)

Monthly solar cycle data

Month Average solar flux International sunspot number
(WDC-SILSO) (4)
Smoothed sunspot number (4) Average ap
(3)
Measured 1 AU
2014.02 170.3
(cycle peak)
166.3 146.1 (cycle peak) 110.5 (+1.2) 10.70
2014.04 143.9 144.8 112.5 116.4 (+2.1) (solar max) 7.88
2015.06 122.3 126.1 66.5 72.1 (-4.0) 13.15
2015.07 107.0 110.8 65.8 68.3 (-3.8) 8.83
2015.08 105.4 108.0 64.4 66.4 (-1.9) 14.58
2015.09 101.7 102.7 78.6 65.9 (-0.5) 15.78
2015.10 104.1 103.3 63.6 64.3 (-1.6) 14.02
2015.11 109.3 106.9 62.2 61.3 (-3.0) 12.09
2015.12 113.1 109.5 58.0 57.8 (-3.5) 14.29
2016.01 103.4 100.1 57.0 54.5 (-3.3) 9.4
2016.02 103.6 101.0 56.4 52.6 (-1.9) 9.9
2016.03 91.5 90.6 54.1 (50.7 projected, -1.9) 10.58
2016.04 93.3 94.0 38.0 (48.2 projected, -2.5) 9.03
2016.05 93.0 95.3 52.1 (45.5 projected, -2.7) 11.65
2016.06 81.9 84.5 20.9 (42.9 projected, -2.6) 8.44
2016.07 86.0 88.9 32.5 (40.2 projected, -2.7) 9.43
2016.08 85.0 87.1 50.7 (37.4 projected, -2.8) 9.4
2016.09 (95.4)   9.2 (2A) / 45.8 (2B) / 53.9 (2C) (34.7 projected, -2.7) (23.0)

1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red are based on the definitive international GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Updated to new data set from WDC-SILSO on July 1, 2015

This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.

SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.