Last major update issued on July 29, 2014 at 15:15 UTC.
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The geomagnetic field was quiet to unsettled on July 28. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 327 and 436 km/s, likely under the influence of weak CME effects.
Solar flux at 20h UTC on 2.8 GHz was 132 (decreasing 19.8 over the last solar rotation). The 90 day 10.7 flux at 1 AU was 132.8. The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 9 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 8.8). Three hour interval K indices: 22322321 (planetary), 23322421 (Boulder).
The background x-ray flux is at the class B5 level.
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 13 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 251) and 11 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 177) SDO images on the visible solar disk.
Region 12121 [N08W12] was quiet and stable.
Region 12123 [S14W12] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 12124 [S21E37] developed slowly and was quiet.
Region 12125 [S12E45] gained a few spots and was mostly quiet.
Region 12126 [S09W13] developed further and has polarity intermixing. C
and minor M class flares are possible.
Region 12127 [S08E62] was quiet and stable. C and M class flares are
possible.
Region 12128 [S21E61] was quiet and stable.
New region 12129 [S06W08] emerged on July 27 and decayed on July 28 when
the region was numbered by SWPC.
Spotted regions not numbered (or interpreted differently) by SWPC:
New region S3679 [N07W72] emerged with a penumbra spot.
New region S3680 [N15E27] emerged with penumbra spots.
New region S3681 [S07E81] rotated into view.
New region S3682 [S18E75] emerged with a penumbra spot.
New region S3683 [S16E12] emerged with a penumbra
spot.
| Magnitude | Peak time (UTC) | Location | AR |
| C2.4/1F | 14:10 | S08E51 | 12125 |
July 26-28: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in LASCO and STEREO imagery.
Coronal hole history (since October
2002)
Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago
No significant coronal holes are currently in or near Earth facing positions.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is fair.
The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet on July 28-30.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the
next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to
green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48
hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution) Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers.
| Active region | Date numbered detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlay |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC | Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 12121 | 2014.07.21 2014.07.22 |
9 | 29 | 20 | N08W11 | 0110 | CAO | CAO |
 |
 |
area: 0230 |
| 12122 | 2014.07.21 2014.07.22 |
S13W33 |
plage location: S12W26 |
||||||||
| 12123 | 2014.07.22 2014.07.23 |
7 | 7 | 5 | S15W12 | 0030 | CAO | CRO |
 |
 |
|
| S3665 | 2014.07.22 | N12W55 | plage | ||||||||
| 12126 | 2014.07.24 2014.07.26 |
22 | 40 | 22 | S10W11 | 0080 | DAI | ESC |
 |
 |
beta-gamma location: S09W13 area: 0180 |
| 12124 | 2014.07.25 2014.07.26 |
2 | 5 | 1 | S21E36 | 0010 | AXX | CRO |
 |
 |
|
| 12125 | 2014.07.25 2014.07.26 |
6 | 13 | 5 | S13E46 | 0050 | CAO | DAO |
 |
 |
area: 0080 |
| S3672 | 2014.07.26 | N20W29 | plage | ||||||||
| S3673 | 2014.07.26 | S14E27 | plage | ||||||||
| 12127 | 2014.07.27 | 7 | 8 | 6 | S08E62 | 0210 | DAC | DKC |
 |
 |
area: 0300 |
| 12128 | 2014.07.27 | 1 | 1 | 1 | S21E61 | 0030 | HSX | HAX |
 |
 |
area: 0040 |
| 12129 | 2014.07.27 2014.07.28 |
9 | 10 | 4 | S06W07 | 0020 | CRO | CRO |
 |
 |
|
| S3677 | 2014.07.27 | N02W31 |
 |
plage | |||||||
| S3678 | 2014.07.27 | S32W24 |
 |
plage | |||||||
| S3679 | 2014.07.28 | 1 | 1 | N07W72 | 0005 | AXX |
 |
||||
| S3680 | 2014.07.28 | 3 | N15E27 | 0008 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| S3681 | 2014.07.28 | 2 | 1 | S07E81 | 0300 | HKX |
 |
||||
| S3682 | 2014.07.28 | 1 | S18E72 | 0004 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| S3683 | 2014.07.28 | 1 | 1 | S16E12 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
||||
| Total spot count: | 63 | 121 | 67 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 143 | 251 | 177 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 96 | 165 | 111 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 86 | 88 | 97 | k * (sunspot number). k = 0.6 for SWPC, k = 0.35 for MSN 2K, k = 0.55 for MSN 1K (MSN=Magnetic Sunspot Number) | |||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2013.02 | 104.3 | 101.8 | 38.0 | 58.4 (-0.3) | 6.11 |
| 2013.03 | 111.3 | 110.2 | 57.9 | 57.5 (-0.9) | 10.56 |
| 2013.04 | 124.8 | 125.9 | 72.4 | 57.9 (+0.4) | 5.40 |
| 2013.05 | 131.4 | 134.3 | 78.7 | 59.9 (+2.0) | 9.73 |
| 2013.06 | 110.1 | 113.7 | 52.5 | 62.6 (+2.7) | 12.60 |
| 2013.07 | 115.5 | 119.3 | 57.0 | 65.5 (+2.9) | 9.47 |
| 2013.08 | 114.6 | 118.3 | 66.0 | 69.0 (+3.5) | 8.27 |
| 2013.09 | 102.6 | 103.7 | 36.9 | 73.1 (+4.1) | 5.23 |
| 2013.10 | 132.1 | 131.2 | 85.6 | 75.0 (+1.9) | 7.71 |
| 2013.11 | 148.3 | 145.1 | 77.6 | 75.4 (+0.4) | 5.68 |
| 2013.12 | 147.7 | 143.1 | 90.3 | 76.0 (+0.6) | 4.68 |
| 2014.01 | 157.4 | 152.4 | 81.8 | (78.2 projected, +2.2) | 5.44 |
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 102.3 (cycle peak) | (79.7 projected, +1.5) | 10.70 |
| 2014.03 | 149.9 | 148.5 | 91.9 | (80.5 projected, +0.8) | 4.88 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 84.7 | (79.7 projected, -0.8) | 7.88 |
| 2014.05 | 129.7 | 132.9 | 75.2 | (77.1 projected, -2.6) | 5.75 |
| 2014.06 | 122.0 | 125.8 | 71.0 | (74.5 projected, -2.6) | 6.72 |
| 2014.07 | 136.0 (1) | 99.8 (2A) / 110.5 (2B) / 84.0 (2C) | (71.5 projected, -3.0) | (4.6) | |
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at
2800 MHz.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder
(NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days). The
official WDC-SILSO international sunspot number is typically 30-50% lower. 2B)
Boulder SN current month
average to date. 2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices.
Values in red are based on the definitive
international
GFZ Potsdam
WDC
ap indices.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to the UTC day. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
